{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:50:39Z","timestamp":1791841839640,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Avicenna J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background Studies on workplace violence against physicians in emergency departments (EDs) in Turkey are lacking.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods To describe the frequency and types of workplace violence, a 34-question online survey of the past 12 months was sent to physicians working in EDs in Turkey. Types of violence were categorized as verbal threats, physical assaults, confrontation, stalking, and sexual harassment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results A total of 366 physicians completed the survey; 4 were excluded (minimum 20 hours\/week). Sixty-two percent of respondents were men. Ninety-nine percent reported verbal abuse and 54% reported physical violence. Family members, not patients, were the most common perpetrators of every form of workplace violence. Hospitals limiting the number of visitors and loitering had 14% reduction in physical threats. Only 23% of respondents indicated that their hospital offered information about preventing and managing workplace violence even though 86% noted interest. Only 1% never had fear, even though 89% indicated they had security staff. Over 89% felt that hospital security was lacking in number and ability to protect. For 82%, workplace violence affected their ability to provide patient care. Ninety percent indicated that current laws do not adequately protect them. There was also no statistically significant difference in any type of workplace violence based on the timing or length of shifts, type of hospital, or number of hours worked. Of all types of violence reported, only stalking demonstrated a statistically significant difference between men and women.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion Workplace violence is a real danger for physicians working in EDs in Turkey, similar to other countries, demonstrating that this problem transcends borders. Further studies should assess root causes of violent behaviors of patients and their visitors, as well as possible (administrative, social, and legal) mechanisms to minimize such violence. Hospitals that limited the number of visitors and empowered security officers were associated with decreased violence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1732284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T22:52:02Z","timestamp":1628895122000},"page":"111-117","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Workplace Violence in Emergency Departments in Turkey"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Sabak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Gaziantep School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ameer","family":"Al-Hadidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Murat","family":"Oktay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behcet","family":"Al","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Gaziantep School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanyeli","family":"Kazaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Gaziantep School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Kowalenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael","family":"Hakmeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Gaziantep School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.10.010","article-title":"Michigan College of Emergency Physicians Workplace Violence Task Force Workplace violence: a survey of emergency physicians in the state of","volume":"46","author":"T Kowalenko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Michigan Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref3","first-page":"663","article-title":"The cost of work-related physical assaults in","volume":"35","author":"P McGovern","year":"2000","journal-title":"Minnesota Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(88)80076-3","article-title":"Emergency department violence in United States teaching hospitals","volume":"17","author":"F W Lavoie","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/S1130-8621(18)30064-0","article-title":"Workplace violence against nurses in Indonesian emergency departments","volume":"28","author":"Zahra A Noorana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Enferm Clin"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/S1976-1317(08)60042-0","article-title":"Workplace violence and abuse against nurses in hospitals in","volume":"2","author":"M Shoghi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iran Asian Nurs Res"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2009.11.007","article-title":"Violence in the emergency department: a national survey of emergency medicine residents and attending physicians","volume":"40","author":"M Behnam","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref8","first-page":"464","article-title":"Violence against emergency department employees and the attitude of employees towards violence","volume":"22","author":"H\u00cd \u00c7\u0131kr\u0131klar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e013568","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013568","article-title":"Can \u0130\u00d6 Workplace violence against physicians in Turkey\u2019s emergency departments: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"7","author":"B Bayram","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","first-page":"288","article-title":"Workplace violence in emergency department and its effects on emergency staff. 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