{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T18:20:56Z","timestamp":1776709256218,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03\/04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Reprod Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Breastfeeding is internationally recognized as the recommended standard for infant nutrition, informed by evidence of its multiple benefits for both mother and baby. In the context of common metabolic conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes (type 1, type 2, and gestational), and obesity, breastfeeding may be particularly beneficial for both mother and infant. However, there is evidence of delayed lactogenesis and reduced breastfeeding rates and duration in women with these conditions, and the effects of altered maternal metabolic environments on breastmilk composition (and potentially infant outcomes) are incompletely understood. In this review, we explore the relationships between maternal metabolic conditions, lactogenesis, breastfeeding, and breastmilk composition. We examine relevant potential mechanisms, including the central role of insulin both in lactogenesis and as a milk-borne hormone. We also describe the bioactive and hormonal components of breastmilk and how these may link maternal and infant health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1732365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T22:56:08Z","timestamp":1629932168000},"page":"111-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Metabolic Conditions Including Obesity, Diabetes, and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Implications for Breastfeeding and Breastmilk Composition"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1492-483X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Rassie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Mousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anju","family":"Joham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7609-577X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena J.","family":"Teede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010185","article-title":"Influence of diabetes during pregnancy on human milk composition","volume":"12","author":"C Peila","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"295","article-title":"Epigenetic and developmental influences on the risk of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome","volume":"8","author":"C J Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.2.e81","article-title":"Does breastfeeding protect against pediatric overweight? 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