{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:23:16Z","timestamp":1790709796897,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wrist Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Introduction\u2003The authors present a new comprehensive arthroscopic anatomical description of the fibrocartilage complex \u201cTFCC\u201d which is related to the current TFCC functional and pathological knowledge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods\u2003Our description of the TFCC is based on an arthroscopic view from the 3-4 portal as observed in more than 100 wrist arthroscopies in fresh cadavers and more than 1000 diagnostic and\/or therapeutic wrist arthroscopies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results\u2003TFCC is considered as a 3-D-3-part box-like structure (Reins, Wall and Disc). The first TFCC component (\u201cR\u201d) corresponds to 2 strong radio-ulnar ligamentous Reins, one dorsal (DRUL) and one palmar (PRUL). This \u201cV-shaped\u201d RUL reins diverge from the fovea and ulnar styloid to the volar and dorsal edges of the sigmoid notch. It is a main stabilizer of the DRUJ. The second TFCC component (\u201cW\u201d) is a continuous, radially concave Peripheral Capsular Wall attached and perpendicular to the RUL reins. It surrounds the ulnar aspect of the ulno-carpal interval while attaching to the RUL reins proximally and to the medial carpus distally. Along with the radiocarpal ligaments, the TFCC peripheral capsular wall contributes to the stability of the carpus with respect to the radius-ulna entity. This is especially true for the thick volar TFCC capsular wall. The third TFCC component (\u201cD\u201d) is the disc proper which is a static and dynamic shock absorber intercalated between the ulnar head and the medial proximal row in the coronal\/sagittal planes and between the two strands of the RUL in the axial plane. Its pathology is influenced and related to the ulnar variance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Discussion\u2003This new arthroscopic description of the TFCC provides a comprehensive anatomical, functional ant pathological background for TFCC disorders analysis and treatment. Currently known disorders are included as \u201cR 1,2,3,4\u201d, \u201cW 1, 2, 3, 4\u201d, and \u201cD 1, 2\u201d. Combined TFCC disorders and further new pathology descriptions may be included in this open classification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1732416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T19:06:36Z","timestamp":1627326396000},"page":"558-564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Arthroscopic Anatomy of the TFCC with Relevance to Function and Pathology"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3230-8267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Herzberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I-Trues Wrist Surgery Unit, Orthopedic Department, Clinique Parc Lyon, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Burnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I-TRues Wrist Surgery Unit, Orthopedic Department, Institut Main Membre Sup\u00e9rieur, Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyatsu","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(96)80135-5","article-title":"Functional anatomy of the triangular fibrocartilage complex","volume":"21","author":"T Nakamura","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","first-page":"338","article-title":"DRUJ: functional anatomy, including pathomechanics","volume":"42E","author":"J R Haugstvedt","year":"2017","journal-title":"JHSE"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(81)80170-0","article-title":"The triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist--anatomy and function","volume":"6","author":"A K Palmer","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(00)80019-4","article-title":"The proximal ligamentous component of the triangular fibrocartilage complex","volume":"25","author":"T Nakamura","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"275","key":"ref5","first-page":"56","article-title":"The distal radioulnar joint in relation to the whole forearm","author":"C G Hagert","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1661361","article-title":"The optimal suture placement and bone tunnels for TFCC repair","volume":"7","author":"T Matsumoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Wrist Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref7","first-page":"335","article-title":"Dry arthroscopy and its applications","volume":"27","author":"F del Pi\u00f1al","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref8","first-page":"133","article-title":"Dry wrist arthroscopy for ulnar sided wrist disorders - A current concepts review","volume":"46","author":"M Burnier","year":"2020","journal-title":"JHSA"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"1086","article-title":"Stability of the DRUJ","volume":"32A","author":"W B Kleinman","year":"2007","journal-title":"JHSA"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2011.05.002","article-title":"Repair of foveal detachment of the TFCC: open & arthroscopic transosseous techniques","volume":"27","author":"T Nakamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"199","volume-title":"Coronal tears of the TFCC","author":"F Del Pinal","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"87","volume-title":"The 1 B constellation: an attempt to classify Palmer 1B Class","author":"F Del Pinal","year":"2012"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref13","first-page":"1012","article-title":"In vivo mechanical function of the DRU ligaments during rotation of the wrist","volume":"45","author":"M M Crowe","year":"2020","journal-title":"JHSA"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Radial side tear of the TFCC","author":"T Nakamura","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Anatomy and biomechanics of the DRUJ joint","author":"T Nakamura","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1054\/JHSB.2001.0680","article-title":"The carpal detachment injury of the TFCC","volume":"27B","author":"S Nishikawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br Eur Vol"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"161","volume-title":"The carpal detachement syndrome","author":"S Nishikawa","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Anatomy of the ulnocarpal compartment","author":"H Moritomo","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Treatment of stable peripheral TFCC tears","author":"M Haerle","year":"2012"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2010.07.004","article-title":"Longitudinal split tears of the ulnotriquetral ligament","volume":"26","author":"S C Tay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref23","first-page":"1036","article-title":"Outcomes of UT split tears repair: a report of 96 patients","volume":"44E","author":"N J Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"JHSE"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1697931","article-title":"Distal metaphyseal shortening osteotomy of the ulna","volume":"8","author":"T Nakamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Wrist Surg"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2002.36469","article-title":"Laser-assisted arthroscopic ulnar shortening","volume":"18","author":"D J Nagle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref26","first-page":"1101","article-title":"The microvasculature of the TFCC: clinical significance","volume":"16","author":"M S Bednar","year":"1991","journal-title":"JHSA"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(84)80013-1","article-title":"Relationship between ulnar variance and triangular fibrocartilage complex thickness","volume":"9","author":"A K Palmer","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01079-9","article-title":"The ulnar impaction syndrome","volume":"7","author":"S L Friedman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80090-9","article-title":"Ulnar impaction syndrome in the ulnar negative and neutral wrist. Diagnosis and pathoanatomy","volume":"23","author":"M M Tomaino","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(89)90174-3","article-title":"Triangular fibrocartilage complex lesions: a classification","volume":"14","author":"A K Palmer","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2011.05.014","article-title":"Foveal TFCC tear classification and treatment","volume":"27","author":"A Atzei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hand Clin"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wrist Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0041-1732416.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T18:38:27Z","timestamp":1638383907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0041-1732416"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1732416","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2163-3916","2163-3924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2163-3916","type":"print"},{"value":"2163-3924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]]}}}