{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T15:58:27Z","timestamp":1791129507088,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Respir Crit Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite decades of research, the mortality rate of sepsis and septic shock remains unacceptably high. Delays in diagnosis, identification of an infectious source, and the challenge of providing patient-tailored resuscitation measures routinely result in suboptimal patient outcomes. Bedside ultrasound improves a clinician's ability to both diagnose and manage the patient with sepsis. Indeed, multiple point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) protocols have been developed to evaluate and treat various subsets of critically ill patients. These protocols mostly target patients with undifferentiated shock and have been shown to improve clinical outcomes. Other studies have shown that POCUS can improve a clinician's ability to identify a source of infection. Once a diagnosis of septic shock has been made, serial POCUS exams can be used to continuously guide resuscitative efforts. In this review, we advocate that the patient with suspected sepsis or septic shock undergo a comprehensive POCUS exam in which sonographic information across organ systems is synthesized and used in conjunction with traditional data gleaned from the patient's history, physical exam, and laboratory studies. This harmonization of information will hasten an accurate diagnosis and assist with hemodynamic management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1733896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T18:39:12Z","timestamp":1632163152000},"page":"641-649","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Integrated Multiorgan Bedside Ultrasound for the Diagnosis and Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon M.","family":"Wiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000217961.75225.E9","article-title":"Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock","volume":"34","author":"A Kumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.023697","article-title":"How to interpret elevated cardiac troponin levels","volume":"124","author":"V S Mahajan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1156","article-title":"Increased blood lactate is prevalent and identifies poor prognosis in patients with acute heart failure without overt peripheral hypoperfusion","volume":"20","author":"R Zymli\u0144ski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R15","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8872","article-title":"Sepsis biomarkers: a review","volume":"14","author":"C Pierrakos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002255","article-title":"Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016","volume":"45","author":"A Rhodes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01694712","article-title":"Intensive use of general ultrasound in the intensive care unit. 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