{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T21:06:31Z","timestamp":1769115991944,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background The standard clinical practice to treat closed ruptures of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons includes free tendon grafting; however, it is not suitable when the muscle amplitude of the ruptured FDP is not sufficient. We report outcomes of six patients who underwent flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon transfer of the ring finger using the wide-awake approach to repair the closed rupture of the FDP tendon of the little finger in zone 3 or 4.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods The patients were identified by reviewing our institutional billing records from January 2012 to October 2019 for the International Classification of Disease 10 code M66.3 that describes the diagnosis as \u201cspontaneous rupture of flexor tendons.\u201d<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results The patients comprised two men and four women with an average age of 72.2 years (standard deviation [SD], 8.4 years). All patients were hospitalized after surgery to undergo early active mobilization. The average total active motion at the final evaluation was 201.8\u00b0 (range: 85\u2013248\u00b0). According to Strickland\u2019s criteria, outcomes were excellent for two, good for three, and poor for one patient. No patients complained about the ring finger.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion These results suggest that FDS tendon transfer is recommended when the muscle amplitude of the ruptured FDP is insufficient. We believe that the wide-awake approach and early active mobilization may contribute to satisfactory outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1734577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T23:50:47Z","timestamp":1631836247000},"page":"338-343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Wide-Awake Approach for Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Tendon Transfer Followed by Early Active Mobilization"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Takuma","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Moriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Tsubokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Narisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Maki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsunori","family":"Inagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takae","family":"Yoshizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"479","article-title":"Investigation of gliding amplitude of tendon as the basis of tendon surgery","volume":"46","author":"H Saito","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Jpn Orthop Assoc"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(38)91118-3","article-title":"Repair of severed tendons","volume":"42","author":"L Mayer","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(88)80054-6","article-title":"Delayed repair of flexor profundus tendon in the palm (zone 3) with superficialis transfer","volume":"13","author":"L H Schneider","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"557","article-title":"Outcome of the tendon transfer and free tendon graft for the closed rupture of the flexor tendons in Zone 3, 4","volume":"30","author":"H Koda","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Jpn Soc Surg Hand"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSB.2005.12.015","article-title":"Closed rupture of the flexor tendons of the little finger secondary to non-union of fractures of the hook of the hamate","volume":"31","author":"H Yamazaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193417728427","article-title":"Conceptual origins, current practice, and views of wide awake hand surgery","volume":"42","author":"D H Lalonde","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2015.7.3.275","article-title":"Wide-awake primary flexor tendon repair, tenolysis, and tendon transfer","volume":"7","author":"J B Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.4.1760973","article-title":"Volume rendering of tendon-bone relationships using unenhanced CT","volume":"176","author":"J S Pelc","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Controlled passive motion following flexor tendon repair in zone 2 and 3. In: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Symposium on Tendon Surgery in the Hand","author":"R J Duran","year":"1975"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(80)80101-8","article-title":"Digital function following flexor tendon repair in Zone II: A comparison of immobilization and controlled passive motion techniques","volume":"5","author":"J W Strickland","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-005-0917-5","article-title":"Impairment Evaluation Committee, Japanese Society for Surgery of the Hand. Validation of the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Hand version of the disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire","volume":"10","author":"T Imaeda","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2013.02.007","article-title":"Outcomes and evaluation of flexor tendon repair","volume":"29","author":"J B Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.089201","article-title":"Selective recruitment of single motor units in human flexor digitorum superficialis muscle during flexion of individual fingers","volume":"567","author":"T J Butler","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196446080-00005","article-title":"Electromyographic kinesiology of the hand: muscles moving the long finger","volume":"46","author":"C Long","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.01.009","article-title":"Mechanical strength of the side-to-side versus Pulvertaft weave tendon repair","volume":"35","author":"S H Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2001.28941","article-title":"Early dynamic motion versus postoperative immobilization in patients with extensor indicis proprius transfer to restore thumb extension: a prospective randomized study","volume":"26","author":"G Germann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196502000-00019","article-title":"The healing of rat skin wounds","volume":"161","author":"S M Levenson","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193414551682","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of early active mobilization following flexor tendon repair using the six-strand technique: short- and long-term evaluations","volume":"40","author":"K Moriya","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0041-1734577.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T22:42:46Z","timestamp":1634164966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0041-1734577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1734577","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-0358","1998-376X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-0358","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-376X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}}}