{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T12:10:05Z","timestamp":1768997405075,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Homeopathy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003Exploring preventive therapeutic measures has been among the biggest challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We explored the feasibility and methods of recruitment, retention, and potential signal of efficacy, of selected homeopathic medicines as preventive measure for developing COVID-19 in a multi-group study.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003A six-group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled prophylaxis study was conducted in a COVID-19 exposed population in a quarantine facility in Mumbai, India. Each group received one of the following: Arsenicum album 30c, Bryonia alba 30c, a combination (Arsenicum album 30c, Bryonia alba 30c, Gelsemium sempervirens 30c, and Influenzinum 30c), coronavirus nosode CVN01 30c, Camphora 1M, or placebo. Six pills twice a day were administered for 3 days. The primary outcome measure used was testing recruitment and retention in this quarantined setting. Secondary outcomes were numbers testing positive for COVID-19 after developing symptoms of illness, number of subjects hospitalized, and days to recovery.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Good rates of recruitment and retention were achieved. Of 4,497 quarantined individuals, 2,343 sought enrollment, with 2,294 enrolled and 2,233 completing the trial (49.7% recruitment, 97.3% retention). Subjects who were randomized to either Bryonia alba or to the CVN01 nosode signaled (p &lt;0.10) a lower incidence of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and a shorter period of illness, with evidence of fewer hospitalizations, than those taking placebo. The three other groups did not show signals of efficacy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003This pilot study supports the feasibility of a larger randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Bryonia alba 30c and CVN01 30c should both be explored in disease prevention or shortening the course of disease symptomatology in a COVID-19-exposed population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1735235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T22:51:03Z","timestamp":1633042263000},"page":"049-056","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Feasibility Study, Evaluating the Efficacy of Homeopathic Medicines in the Prevention of COVID-19 in a Quarantined Population"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Gitanjali","family":"Talele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Life Force Foundation Trust, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shashikant","family":"Vaidhya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haffkine Institute, Microbiology Department, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhay","family":"Chowdhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, DY Patil University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Herscu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Herscu Laboratory, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1263-9077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajesh","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Life Force Foundation Trust, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.06.011","article-title":"Vaccine efficacy needed for a COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine to prevent or stop an epidemic as the sole intervention","volume":"59","author":"S M Bartsch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7168.166371","article-title":"Dengue epidemic: what can we offer?","volume":"9","author":"R K Manchanda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Res Homoeopathy"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2010.05.009","article-title":"Large-scale application of highly-diluted bacteria for Leptospirosis epidemic control","volume":"99","author":"G Bracho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2015.02.006","article-title":"Homeopathic medicines for prevention of influenza and acute respiratory tract infections in children: blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"105","author":"C M Siqueira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"65","article-title":"An experimental in vitro study to evaluate the antimalarial activity of select homeopathy preparations","volume":"7","author":"S Joshi","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical and Health Research"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2013-0006","article-title":"Antiplasmodial potential of homeopathic drugs Chelidonium and nosode against Plasmodium berghei infection","volume":"11","author":"U Bagai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Complement Integr Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2009.10.003","article-title":"Homeopathy as replacement to antibiotics in the case of Escherichia coli diarrhoea in neonatal piglets","volume":"99","author":"I Camerlink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7168.154345","article-title":"Clinical trial for the evaluation of a human immunodeficiency virus nosode in the treatment for human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals","volume":"9","author":"R Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Res Homoeopathy."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2013.02.002","article-title":"Hepatitis C nosode: the preparation and homeopathic pathogenetic trial","volume":"102","author":"R Shah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1080\/10543406.2011.570466","article-title":"Designing studies to find early signals of efficacy","volume":"22","author":"M J Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biopharm Stat"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2020.103097","article-title":"Asia's largest urban slum\u2013Dharavi: a global model for management of COVID-19","volume":"111","author":"J Kaushal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.51910\/ijhdr.v19i4.1054","article-title":"Preparation of coronavirus nosodes sourced from a clinical sample of SARS-Cov-2 positive patient, inactivated strain, and spike glycoprotein","volume":"19","author":"S Mukherjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J High Dilution Res."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-364","article-title":"Correcting for multiple-testing in multi-arm trials: is it necessary and is it done?","volume":"15","author":"J MS Wason","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00432-3","article-title":"Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials","volume":"397","author":"M Voysey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"383","author":"F P Polack","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.4385","article-title":"Immunogenicity of a single dose of SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"325","author":"B J Boyarsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2009.0212","article-title":"Methodological considerations for future controlled influenza treatment trials in complementary and alternative medicine","volume":"16","author":"R Kirkby","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/S1475-4916(03)00006-7","article-title":"The research evidence base for homeopathy: a fresh assessment of the literature","volume":"92","author":"R T Mathie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2009.09.001","article-title":"Homeopathic trial design in influenza treatment","volume":"99","author":"R Kirkby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"36","article-title":"Do homeopathic nosodes protect against infection? An experimental test","volume":"5","author":"W B Jonas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.4573","article-title":"Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among children and adolescents compared with adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"R M Viner","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Homeopathy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0041-1735235.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T01:31:15Z","timestamp":1643679075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0041-1735235"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1735235","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-4916","1476-4245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-4916","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]}}}