{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T20:12:47Z","timestamp":1778616767062,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","funder":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Objective\u2003The aim of this study was to create a feline reference database for the length, width and slenderness (length to width ratio) of metacarpal and metatarsal bones, radius and tibia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Study Design\u2003Radiographs of the radius, tibia, metacarpus and metatarsus were performed in domestic short hair cat cadavers (n\u2009=\u200940). Length and width of the aforementioned bones were measured in mature domestic shorthair cats and bone slenderness (length\/width) and index ratios calculated.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results\u2003A significant skeletal sex dimorphism exists in cats, with bones of the metacarpus, metatarsus, radius and tibia generally longer and wider in male cats compared with female cats, with differences frequently significant. The most significant difference was identified for the width of Mc5 (p\u2009=\u20090.0008) and the length and width of Mt5 (p\u2009=\u20090.0005). Index ratios for length and width of radius to metacarpal bones, and tibia to metatarsal bones, were not significantly different between male and female cats, except for Mc5. The index ratio for Mc5 was significantly higher in male cats (p\u2009=\u20090.002).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusion\u2003The present study provides insights into the normal length and width of distal forelimb and hind limb bones as well as bone index ratios in mature domestic shorthair cats. Using this information, it is now possible to quantitatively assess the relationship between these bones in domestic cats using radiography. This will assist not only with the diagnosis and categorization of skeletal abnormalities but can also guide surgical interventions of metacarpal and metatarsal bone fractures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1735289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T23:22:16Z","timestamp":1630970536000},"page":"401-410","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Feline Skeletal Reference Guide: A Cadaveric Radiographic Measurement on Lower Limb Extremities"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Yunsir","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Pilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Foo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Veterinary Education, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Haase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Assessment of Skeletal Maturity and Prediction of Adult Height (TW2 method)","author":"J M Tanner","year":"1983","edition":"2nd edition"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Atlas of Radiologic Measurement","author":"T E Keats","year":"2001","edition":"7th edition"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1389-9","article-title":"Metacarpal thickness, width, length and medullary diameter in children\u2013reference curves from the First Z\u00fcrich Longitudinal Study","volume":"22","author":"D D Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14951J","article-title":"Postmortem assessment of fetal diaphyseal femoral length: validation of a radiographic methodology","volume":"46","author":"P Adalian","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v6.i10.808","article-title":"Skeletal dysplasias: a radiographic approach and review of common non-lethal skeletal dysplasias","volume":"6","author":"A Panda","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Radiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.12659\/PJR.901601","article-title":"Utility of plain radiographs in metabolic bone disease - a case-based pictorial review from a tertiary centre","volume":"82","author":"J Panwar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pol J Radiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20348","article-title":"Morphometric study of the human metatarsals and phalanges","volume":"20","author":"A Dogan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.185.209","article-title":"Mathematical relations between the lengths of the metacarpal bones and phalanges: surgical significance","volume":"185","author":"A Aydinlioglu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2015.11.007","article-title":"Understanding how axial loads on the spine influence segmental biomechanics for idiopathic scoliosis patients: a magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"32","author":"J P Little","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001140310","article-title":"Growth of long bones in the chicken. 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