{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T11:40:58Z","timestamp":1778586058424,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Respir Crit Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Influenza infection causes severe illness in 3 to 5 million people annually, with up to an estimated 650,000 deaths per annum. As such, it represents an ongoing burden to health care systems and human health. Severe acute respiratory infection can occur, resulting in respiratory failure requiring intensive care support. Herein we discuss diagnostic approaches, including development of CLIA-waived point of care tests that allow rapid diagnosis and treatment of influenza. Bacterial and fungal coinfections in severe influenza pneumonia are associated with worse outcomes, and we summarize the approach and treatment options for diagnosis and treatment of bacterial and Aspergillus coinfection. We discuss the available drug options for the treatment of severe influenza, and treatments which are no longer supported by the evidence base. Finally, we describe the supportive management and ventilatory approach to patients with respiratory failure as a result of severe influenza in the intensive care unit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1735491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T01:09:12Z","timestamp":1639703352000},"page":"771-787","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Management of Severe Influenza"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Liam S.","family":"O'Driscoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Martin-Loeches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, CIBERes, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33293-2","article-title":"Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study","volume":"391","author":"A D Iuliano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2539-x","article-title":"Influenza virus-related critical illness: pathophysiology and epidemiology","volume":"23","author":"A C Kalil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit 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