{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:49:00Z","timestamp":1792028940464,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03\/04","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI145552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI145552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["5P30AI073961-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P30AI073961-13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Methods Inf Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Electronic health record (EHR)-based computable phenotype algorithms allow researchers to efficiently identify a large virtual cohort of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients. Built upon existing algorithms, we refined, improved, and validated an HIV phenotype algorithm using data from the OneFlorida Data Trust, a repository of linked claims data and EHRs from its clinical partners, which provide care to over 15 million patients across all 67 counties in Florida.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Our computable phenotype examined information from multiple EHR domains, including clinical encounters with diagnoses, prescription medications, and laboratory tests. To identify an HIV case, the algorithm requires the patient to have at least one diagnostic code for HIV and meet one of the following criteria: have 1+ positive HIV laboratory, have been prescribed with HIV medications, or have 3+ visits with HIV diagnostic codes. The computable phenotype was validated against a subset of clinical notes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Among the 15+ million patients from OneFlorida, we identified 61,313 patients with confirmed HIV diagnosis. Among them, 8.05% met all four inclusion criteria, 69.7% met the 3+ HIV encounters criteria in addition to having HIV diagnostic code, and 8.1% met all criteria except for having positive laboratories. Our algorithm achieved higher sensitivity (98.9%) and comparable specificity (97.6%) relative to existing algorithms (77\u201383% sensitivity, 86\u2013100% specificity). The mean age of the sample was 42.7 years, 58% male, and about half were Black African American. Patients' average follow-up period (the time between the first and last encounter in the EHRs) was approximately 4.6 years. The median number of all encounters and HIV-related encounters were 79 and 21, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003By leveraging EHR data from multiple clinical partners and domains, with a considerably diverse population, our algorithm allows more flexible criteria for identifying patients with incomplete laboratory test results and medication prescribing history compared with prior studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1735619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T22:51:43Z","timestamp":1633042303000},"page":"084-094","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Optimizing Identification of People Living with HIV from Electronic Medical Records: Computable Phenotype Development and Validation"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Yiyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khairul A.","family":"Siddiqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Squires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Shenkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Prosperi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dushyantha T.","family":"Jayaweera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"09","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.1343","article-title":"Ending the HIV epidemic: a plan for the United States","volume":"321","author":"A S Fauci","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Profile of medicare beneficiaries with AIDS: application of an AIDS case finding algorithm","volume":"19","author":"N J Fasciano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Health Care Financ Rev"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Methods for Identifying AIDS Cases in Medicare and Medicaid Claims Data","author":"C Thornton","year":"1997"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref7","first-page":"1015","article-title":"A methodology for building an AIDS research file using Medicaid claims and administrative data bases","volume":"4","author":"M Keyes","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302263","article-title":"Identifying a sample of HIV-positive beneficiaries from Medicaid claims data and estimating their treatment costs","volume":"105","author":"A A Leibowitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000132749.20897.46","article-title":"Sensitivity of an AIDS case-finding algorithm: who are we missing?","volume":"42","author":"J T Walkup","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.10.1728","article-title":"Understanding racial disparities in HIV using data from the veterans aging cohort 3-site study and VA administrative data","volume":"93","author":"K A McGinnis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000223670.00890.74","article-title":"Development and verification of a \u201cvirtual\u201d cohort using the National VA Health Information System","volume":"44","author":"S L Fultz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2005.00444.x","article-title":"Measuring diagnoses: ICD code accuracy","volume":"40","author":"K J O'Malley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200411000-00005","article-title":"Assessing the accuracy of administrative data in health information systems","volume":"42","author":"J W Peabody","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2014.911813","article-title":"Development of an electronic medical record-based algorithm to identify patients with unknown HIV status","volume":"26","author":"U R Felsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocx061","article-title":"Development and validation of an electronic medical record (EMR)-based computed phenotype of HIV-1 infection","volume":"25","author":"D W Paul","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002029","article-title":"OneFlorida Clinical Research consortium: linking a clinical and translational science institute with a community-based distributive Medical Education Model","volume":"93","author":"E Shenkman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Secondary use of EHR: data quality issues and informatics opportunities","volume":"2010","author":"T Botsis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Summit On Translat Bioinforma"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"Obtaining Data from Electronic Health Records","author":"V Ehrenstein","year":"2019"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2009.000026","article-title":"Evaluating re-identification risks with respect to the HIPAA privacy rule","volume":"17","author":"K Benitez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2014-002747","article-title":"Launching PCORnet, a national patient-centered clinical research network","volume":"21","author":"R L Fleurence","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooz050","article-title":"Implementing a hash-based privacy-preserving record linkage tool in the OneFlorida clinical research network","volume":"2","author":"J Bian","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMIA Open"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2013.0287","article-title":"Development and validation of an algorithm to identify patients newly diagnosed with HIV infection from electronic health records","volume":"30","author":"M B Goetz","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2016.09.003","article-title":"Routine CD4 monitoring in HIV patients with viral suppression: is it really necessary? A Portuguese cohort","volume":"51","author":"R Duro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.15926","article-title":"Baseline Genotype Testing to Assess Drug Resistance Before Beginning HIV Treatment","volume":"320","author":"J Ambrosioni","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000456","article-title":"Importance of multi-modal approaches to effectively identify cataract cases from electronic health records","volume":"19","author":"P L Peissig","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(83)90246-0","article-title":"Gender roles, illness orientation and use of medical services","volume":"17","author":"J H Hibbard","year":"1983","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.2307\/2136508","article-title":"Sex differences in medical care utilization: an empirical investigation","volume":"23","author":"P D Cleary","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2011.2876","article-title":"Gender differences in utilization of preventive care services in the United States","volume":"21","author":"V Vaidya","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1017\/cem.2019.464","article-title":"Characteristics of frequent users of the emergency department with chronic pain","volume":"22","author":"Y Shergill","year":"2020","journal-title":"CJEM"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3138-2","article-title":"Access to health care for uninsured Latina immigrants in South Carolina","volume":"18","author":"J S Luque","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-3597(04)80061-9","article-title":"Barriers to health promotion and disease prevention in the Latino population","volume":"6","author":"J R Betancourt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Cornerstone"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2012.730610","article-title":"Cross-border health care utilization among the Hispanic population in the United States: implications for closing the health care access gap","volume":"18","author":"M De Jesus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ethn Health"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000073","article-title":"Patient-centered care for people living with multimorbidity","volume":"9","author":"C M Boyd","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref38","first-page":"850","article-title":"Multimorbidity: negotiating priorities and making progress","volume":"42","author":"M F Harris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"}],"container-title":["Methods of Information in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0041-1735619.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T23:43:01Z","timestamp":1636674181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0041-1735619"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03\/04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1735619","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-1270","2511-705X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-1270","type":"print"},{"value":"2511-705X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}}}