{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:03:24Z","timestamp":1791849804324,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Thromb Hemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is defined as nontraumatic bleeding into the brain without vascular malformations or presence of tumor. It occurs in about a third of all strokes and has a high mortality and morbidity. Risk factors that determine the outcome are incompletely understood. Known factors include older age, male gender, Asian ethnicity, hypertension, and comorbidity such as inherited or acquired bleeding diathesis and use of antithrombotic drugs. Likewise, the clinical characteristics of the hematoma such as location and volume of the hematoma and other imaging features are also important. Hematoma extension or expansion is a complication with an unfavorable outcome. Recognition of risk factors for hematoma expansion and measures to prevent it, such as blood pressure lowering, will improve the outcome. Enhanced diagnostic methods, especially in imaging techniques developed over the past decade, have not only led to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage but also of the factors that influence hematoma expansion. An improved knowledge is essential to better management, minimizing hematoma expansion and leading to a healthier outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1735897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T00:24:03Z","timestamp":1634171043000},"page":"338-343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nonhematologic and Hematologic Factors in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Hau C.","family":"Kwaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105103441907","article-title":"Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"344","author":"A I Qureshi","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","first-page":"558","article-title":"Natural history and surgical management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review","volume":"64","author":"J Rychen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1000","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16357.1","article-title":"Recent advances in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"8","author":"R Garg","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2016.00864","article-title":"Epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical features of intracerebral hemorrhage: an update","volume":"19","author":"S J An","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Stroke"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70340-0","article-title":"Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"C J van Asch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e391","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.183689","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults: 2007 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, High Blood Pressure Research Council, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group","volume":"116","author":"J Broderick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1288","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"21","author":"A M Naidech","year":"2015","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181d568c8","article-title":"The acute management of intracerebral hemorrhage: a clinical review","volume":"110","author":"J Elliott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.78.2.0188","article-title":"Intracerebral hemorrhage more than twice as common as subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"78","author":"J P Broderick","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.7.987","article-title":"Volume of intracerebral hemorrhage. 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