{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T21:09:50Z","timestamp":1789679390485,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Federa\u00e7\u00e3o das Associa\u00e7\u00f5es de Ginecologia e Obstetr\u00edcia","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":46,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003Thyroid diseases are the second most common endocrine disorders in the reproductive period of women. They can be associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm delivery, low Apgar score, low birthweight (LBW) or fetal death. The aim of the present study is to explore thyroid dysfunction and its relationship with some poor perinatal outcomes (Apgar Score, low birthweight, and preterm delivery).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Dried blood spot samples from 358 healthy pregnant women were analyzed for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4), and thyroglobulin (Tg). Neonatal data were collected upon delivery. Four groups were formed based on thyroid function tests (TFTs).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Of the 358 tested women, 218 (60.72%) were euthyroid. Isolated hypothyroxinemia was present in 132 women (36.76%), subclinical hyperthyroidism in 7 women (1.94%), and overt hypothyroidism in 1 (0.28%). The perinatal outcomes IUGR (p\u2009=\u20090.028) and Apgar score 1\u2009minute (p\u2009=\u20090.015) were significantly different between thyroid function test [TFT]-distinct groups. In the multiple regression analysis, TT4 showed a statistically significant inverse predictive impact on LBW (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), but a positive impact of Tg on LBW (p\u2009=\u20090.0351).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Thyroid hormones alone do not have a direct impact on neonatal outcomes, but the percentage of their participation in the total process cannot be neglected. Based on the regression analysis, we can conclude that TT4 and Tg can be used as predictors of neonatal outcome, expressed through birthweight and Apgar score. The present study aims to contribute to determine whether a test for thyroid status should become routine screening during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1736172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T23:42:11Z","timestamp":1637106131000},"page":"736-742","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women and Perinatal Outcomes in North Macedonia"],"prefix":"10.61622","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1129-1205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"Avramovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital \u201cDr. Trifun Panovski\u201d - Bitola, Partizanska nn, North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1596-9036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neda Milevska","family":"Kostova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departement Gesundheitswissenschaften und Technologie, Institute for Social Innovation, Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2664-8919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borislav","family":"Karanfilski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Committee for Iodine Deficiency, Ministry of Health, Skopje, North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8589-4389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Hunziker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9958-9270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivija","family":"Vaskova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6783-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goran","family":"Dimitrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1563-7560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Dzikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7011-9205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Daneva","family":"Markova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5521-4685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija Hadzi","family":"Lega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Fetal Screening and Perinatal Medicine, Danat al Emarat Hospital for Women and Children, Abu Dhabi, Emirate of Abu Dhabi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7181-455X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gligor","family":"Tofoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. 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