{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T11:42:35Z","timestamp":1784893355114,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003Oral candidiasis is an infection caused by pathogenic fungi Candida albicans, with a considerably high prevalence of 20 to 72%. Indian camphorweed (Pluchea indica) also known as \u201cbeluntas\u201d as the local name has been known as a traditional medicine in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to research the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of beluntas ethanolic extract against the growth of C. albicans.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003The MIC and MFC were measured by microdilution assay and total plate count respectively with a variation of solvents (DMSO 1%, 10%, and 4%) and beluntas extract with concentrations between 0.3125 and 200\u2009mg\/mL. Amphotericin and nystatin were used as a comparison.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Statistical Analysis\u2003One-way analysis of variance and posthoc Tukey test were used to determine the significant difference between treatments.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003It was found that the MIC ranged from 50 to 200\u2009mg\/mL in the test with DMSO 10% solvent and MFC was found to be at a concentration of 200\u2009mg\/mL. However, there is a significant inhibitory effect and killing effect from DMSO 10% against C. albicans (p\u2009=\u20090.000). MIC was also found within concentrations of 100\u2009mg\/mL of beluntas extract in DMSO 4%. In this study, the DMSO 4% concentration neither showed significant inhibitory effects nor killing effects; therefore, the result was acceptable (p\u2009=\u20090.357).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Ethanol extract of beluntas (P. Indica) has the potential of being an antifungal agent with inhibitory activity in concentrations \u2265100\u2009mg\/mL, which is similar to nystatin (p\u2009=\u20090.278). The MFC for the extract was above 100\u2009mg\/mL, which cannot be measured with this method as a higher concentration of DMSO is needed, which had a toxic effect on the tested fungi.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1736591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:11:10Z","timestamp":1640218270000},"page":"637-642","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Antifungal Activity of Beluntas \u201cIndian Camphorweed\u201d (Pluchea indica) Ethanol Extract on Candida albicans In Vitro Using Different Solvent Concentrations"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wayan Larissa","family":"Demolsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinna Kurniawati","family":"Sugiaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natallia","family":"Pranata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"262471","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients with HIV\/AIDS in the era of antiretroviral therapy","volume":"2012","author":"P K Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aids Res Treat"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","first-page":"616","article-title":"Uji Daya Hambat Senyawa Saponin Batang Pisang","volume":"3","author":"S RI Yuliana","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Eg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12278","article-title":"Use of nystatin and chlorhexidine in oral medicine: properties, indications and pitfalls with focus on geriatric patients","volume":"34","author":"E Scheibler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S100795","article-title":"Efficacy of nystatin for the treatment of oral candidiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"X Lyu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-009-0118-3","article-title":"Antifungal drug resistance of oral fungi","volume":"98","author":"M Niimi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Odontology"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Atlas Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia","author":"S Dalimartha","year":"2008"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","first-page":"20","article-title":"Perbandingan antara Pemberian Fraksi Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica Lees) dan Ketokonazol Secara Invitro Terhadap C. albicans","volume":"5","author":"B Marsasi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomedik Fak Kedokt Univ Sriwij"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-018-0177-x","article-title":"Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: a comprehensive review","volume":"13","author":"Q W Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref9","first-page":"458","article-title":"High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, antioxidant, antiaggregation of mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana L.)","volume":"4","author":"W Widowati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Biosci Biochem Bioinform"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; 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