{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T22:24:16Z","timestamp":1746311056491,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Objective\u2003The aim of this study was to summarize outcomes and complications of gunshot fracture management in small animals.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Study Design\u2003Review of cats and dogs with radiographically confirmed acute gunshot fractures, presenting data on signalment, fracture location, fracture management (surgical vs. non-surgical, type of surgical repair), fracture comminution, extent of soft tissue trauma, postoperative complication and overall outcome. A poor outcome was defined as patient death, major postoperative complication or limb amputation (both as primary treatment or secondary to postoperative complications).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results\u2003Ninety-seven animals with 137 acute gunshot-induced fractures were identified. There were 21 (15.3%) maxillofacial, 16 (11.7%) vertebral column, 8 (5.8%) rib, 56 (40.9%) distal long bone (below stifle\/cubital joint) and 36 (26.3%) proximal long bone (at or above stifle\/cubital joint) fractures. Overall, 20\/37 cases with sufficient follow-up details incurred a poor fracture outcome. Extensive soft tissue trauma at the fracture site was associated with an increased likelihood of poor outcome. The most common poor outcomes were primary limb amputations (7 cases) and postoperative complications (3 osteomyelitis\/surgical site infections, 4 delayed\/non-unions).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusion\u2003Gunshot fractures overall have high likelihood of poor outcome. Severe soft tissue injury is associated with complications. Mitigating poor outcome likely requires early aggressive wound management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1739238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:12:20Z","timestamp":1638922340000},"page":"205-212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Outcomes and Complications Associated with Acute Gunshot Fractures in Cats and Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Kelly","family":"Schrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1981-0276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon C.","family":"Kerwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Jeffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","first-page":"154","article-title":"Gunshot wound in a dog and its management","volume":"6","author":"D N Madhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind J Canine Pract"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref2","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Gunshot wound management","volume":"12","author":"M Pavletic","year":"1996","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2006.02.005","article-title":"Bullet, bite, and burn wounds in dogs and cats","volume":"36","author":"M M Pavletic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(95)50107-X","article-title":"Gunshot injuries: pathophysiology and treatments","volume":"25","author":"T N Bebchuk","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"volume-title":"Handbook of Firearms and Ballistics","year":"1997","author":"B Heard","key":"ref5"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.245.8.923","article-title":"Review of gunshot injuries in cats and dogs and utility of a triage scoring system to predict short-term outcome: 37 cases (2003-2008)","volume":"245","author":"L E Olsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"61","article-title":"A review of 121 gunshot wounds in the dog and cat","volume":"14","author":"M Pavletic","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1979.tb00609.x","article-title":"Gunshot fractures of extremities: classification, management, and complications","volume":"8","author":"R Schwach","year":"1979","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.206.02.203","article-title":"Contamination and infection of fractures resulting from gunshot trauma in dogs: 20 cases (1987-1992)","volume":"206","author":"M A Doherty","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Perioperative patient management. 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