{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T03:22:52Z","timestamp":1699240972543},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Knee Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early investigations into the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of articular cartilage imaging relied on assessment of the morphology, with subsequent investigators reporting identifying increased T2 signal intensity, bright signal, in degenerated cartilage. The cartilage \u201cblack line sign\u201d is a finding that has recently been described in the radiology literature to characterize cartilage pathology. This sign refers to a focal linear hypointense signal within articular cartilage that is oriented perpendicular to the subchondral bone on T2-weighted MRI. The diagnostic significance and clinical relevance of this sign is debated. Since its first description, several papers have further delineated the etiology, prevalence, and clinical relevance of these and other dark cartilage abnormalities. The intent of this article is to summarize these findings, with hopes of bringing to light the importance of dark cartilage lesions and their clinical implication in the world of knee surgery. We will briefly discuss the most probable etiologies of dark cartilage abnormalities and the major factors determining the unique signal intensity. The described anatomical patterns of this finding, the clinical importance, potential mimics, and current treatment recommendations will be reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1739259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:03:31Z","timestamp":1637021011000},"page":"470-474","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dark Cartilage Lesions in the Knee: MRI Appearance and Clinical Significance"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"John Christopher","family":"Knoth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, University of Missouri - Columbia, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah R.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James Derek","family":"Stensby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, 1 Hospital Dr, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2011.02.007","article-title":"MRI appearance of normal articular cartilage","volume":"19","author":"D W Goodwin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-200010000-00003","article-title":"Anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology of articular cartilage","volume":"35","author":"M Huber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.12.3.1609135","article-title":"Evaluation of articular cartilage: radiographic and cross-sectional imaging techniques","volume":"12","author":"C W Hayes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.0099","article-title":"MRI of articular cartilage: revisiting current status and future directions","volume":"185","author":"M P Recht","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2011.02.005","article-title":"MR imaging of the articular cartilage of the knee and ankle","volume":"19","author":"M Forney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.188.1.8511302","article-title":"Effects of collagen orientation on MR imaging characteristics of bovine articular cartilage","volume":"188","author":"J D Rubenstein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018180426","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of three-dimensional MRI for depicting cartilage defects in the knee: a meta-analysis","volume":"289","author":"D Shakoor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.172.4.10587150","article-title":"Accuracy of T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR imaging with fat saturation in detecting cartilage defects in the knee: comparison with arthroscopy in 130 patients","volume":"172","author":"M A Bredella","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.09091011","article-title":"3.0-T evaluation of knee cartilage by using three-dimensional IDEAL GRASS imaging: comparison with fast spin-echo imaging","volume":"255","author":"R Kijowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.179.5.1791159","article-title":"Grading articular cartilage of the knee using fast spin-echo proton density-weighted MR imaging without fat suppression","volume":"179","author":"A H Sonin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199809000-00005","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage in the knee. 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Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative","volume":"284","author":"A S Gersing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Knee Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0041-1739259.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T23:18:07Z","timestamp":1652311087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0041-1739259"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1739259","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1538-8506","1938-2480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1538-8506","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]}}}