{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T18:19:02Z","timestamp":1774894742477,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","funder":[{"name":"Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute","award":["UL1TR001422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001422"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003To examine whether the duration of time from initiation of general endotracheal anesthesia (GETA) to delivery for cesarean deliveries (CDs) performed is related to perinatal outcomes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003This is a retrospective study of patients with singleton nonanomalous gestations undergoing CD \u226537 weeks of gestation under GETA with reassuring fetal status at a single tertiary care center from 2000 to 2016. Duration from GETA initiation until delivery was calculated as the time interval from GETA induction to delivery (I-D), categorized into tertiles. Outcomes for those in the tertile with the shortest I-D were compared with those in the other two tertiles. The primary perinatal outcome was a composite of complications (continuous positive airway pressure or high-flow nasal cannula for \u22652 consecutive hours, inspired oxygen \u226530% for \u22654 consecutive hours, mechanical ventilation, stillbirth, or neonatal death \u226472\u2009hours after birth). Secondary outcomes were 5-minute Apgar score &lt;7 and a composite of maternal morbidity (bladder injury, bowel injury, and extension of hysterotomy). Bivariable and multivariable analyses were used to compare outcomes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003Two hundred eighteen maternal\u2013perinatal dyads were analyzed. They were dichotomized based on I-D \u22644\u2009minutes (those in the tertile with the shortest duration) or &gt;4\u2009minutes. Women with I-D &gt;4\u2009minutes were more likely to have prior abdominal surgery and less likely to have labored prior to CD. I-D &gt;4\u2009minutes was associated with significantly increased frequency of the primary perinatal outcome. This persisted after multivariable adjustment. In bivariable analysis, 5-minute Apgar &lt;7 was more common in the group with I-D &gt;4\u2009minutes, but this did not persist in multivariable analysis. Frequency of maternal morbidity did not differ.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003When CD is performed at term using GETA without evidence of nonreassuring fetal status prior to delivery, I-D interval &gt;4\u2009minutes is associated with increased frequency of perinatal complications.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1739355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:21:31Z","timestamp":1638231691000},"page":"232-237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Duration of Exposure to General Endotracheal Anesthesia during Cesarean Deliveries at Term and Perinatal Complications"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1174-1501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luzhou","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Obstetric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Grobman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Obstetric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moeun","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001677","article-title":"Choice of anesthesia for cesarean delivery: an analysis of the national anesthesia clinical outcomes registry","volume":"124","author":"J 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