{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T01:43:48Z","timestamp":1785894228567,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","funder":[{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development\u2014CNPq","award":["402867\/2017\u20133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["402867\/2017\u20133"]}]},{"name":"Milligramm Homeopathic Pharmacy, Florian\u00f3polis, SC, Brazil","award":["CNPJ: 15.392.920\/0001\u201370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPJ: 15.392.920\/0001\u201370"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Homeopathy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a serious problem in animal health in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Ointment-type preparations are a good option of formulation in cases of myiasis in farm and pet animals. Sulphur and Pyrogenium have already shown in-vitro efficacy on C. hominivorax. This article describes an in-vitro experiment to test the inhibition of development from exposing larvae of C. hominivorax to two homeopathic ointments (prepared individually with Sulphur or Pyrogenium).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003The homeopathic ointments were produced by mixing sterile lanolin, tocopherol and homeopathic medicine on a hydroalcoholic basis according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. Larvae were obtained from naturally occurring myiases in sheep (wild larvae) or from a laboratory colony. The test consisted of exposing a group of 10 third-stage C. hominivorax wild larvae in contact with Sulphur or Pyrogenium ointment, or a group of 15 laboratory-propagated larvae in contact with the alcoholic vehicle of the ointment or homeopathic medicines prepared in sterile water (Sulphur or Pyrogenium), and observing the effect on the development, longevity and fertility of the blow-fly specimens.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The C. hominivorax larval inhibition rate was 90.0% for the Sulphur ointment group and was 86.0% for the Pyrogenium ointment group. The non-alcoholic vehicle and the alcoholic vehicle inhibited the development of 24.0% and 22.08% of the larvae respectively. Sulphur prepared in sterile water inhibited the development of 74.67% and Pyrogenium in sterile water inhibited 73.33% of larvae. Specimens that survived contact with homeopathic ointments had their longevity decreased and did not reproduce.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Ointments of Sulphur or Pyrogenium were able to inhibit the development of C. hominivorax larvae. The ointment vehicle was harmless.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1739395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:16:32Z","timestamp":1646784992000},"page":"271-277","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of Ointments of Sulphur or Pyrogenium on Larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae)"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1212-6749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuliano Pereira de","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Department of Animal Science and Rural Development Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Livia Arias","family":"Avil\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Department of Animal Science and Rural Development Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Clara Huschel","family":"Hillmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homeopathic Pharmaceutical, Milligramm Farm\u00e1cia de Manipula\u00e7\u00e3o, Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6789-0074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia Ana","family":"Bricarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Department of Animal Science and Rural Development Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612019059","article-title":"A review on the occurrence of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Brazil","volume":"28","author":"L M Costa-J\u00fanior","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3618-1","article-title":"Myiasis in domestic cats: a global review","volume":"12","author":"M Pezzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.4236\/ojvm.2020.106007","article-title":"Myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858): A Neglected Zoonosis in Brazil","volume":"10","author":"G P Barros","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open J Vet Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60073-1","article-title":"Myiasis of humans and domestic animals","volume":"35","author":"M Hall","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Entomologia M\u00e9dica e Veterin\u00e1ria","author":"C BE Marcondes","year":"2011","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612014042","article-title":"Reassessment of the potential economic impact of cattle parasites in Brazil","volume":"23","author":"L Grisi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"194","volume-title":"Homeopatia em sistemas de produ\u00e7\u00e3o animal","author":"P A Bricarello","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"51","article-title":"Maggot infestation: various treatment modalities","volume":"8","author":"B Sunny","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Clin Wound Spec"},{"key":"ref9","author":"Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia","year":"2011","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Materia Medica Pura","author":"S Hahnemann","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1677479","article-title":"Effect of homeopathic medicines and a nosode on larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae)","volume":"108","author":"G P Barros","year":"2019","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4162-11630","article-title":"Efeito do extrato de Bidens pilosa L., Mel e pomadas homeop\u00e1ticas e alop\u00e1tica na cicatriza\u00e7\u00e3o de feridas cut\u00e2neas de ratos Wistar","volume":"72","author":"C EC Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Research on ultradilutions and the theory of corporeal signifiers: the follow up","author":"L V Bonamin","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2004.07.004","article-title":"Effect of Atropa belladonna and Echinacea angustifolia in homeopathic dilution on experimental peritonitis","volume":"93","author":"C MV Pedalino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-2299(99)80006-5","article-title":"Effect of Traumeel S, a homeopathic formulation, on blood-induced inflammation in rats","volume":"7","author":"S Lussignoli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.01.004","article-title":"High dilutions of antimony modulate cytokines production and macrophage \u2013 Leishmania (L.) amazonensis interaction in vitro","volume":"92","author":"F R de Santana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"A\u00e7\u00e3o dos medicamentos homeop\u00e1ticos Arnica montana, Gelsemium sempervirens, Belladonna, Mercurius solubillis e nos\u00f3dio sobre o crescimento in-vitro da bact\u00e9ria Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"77","author":"T A Passeti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Homeopat"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2016.10.002","article-title":"Action of antibiotic oxacillin on in-vitro growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) previously treated with homeopathic medicines","volume":"106","author":"T A Passeti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revhom.2019.10.023","article-title":"Homeopathy and experimental infections: In vivo and in vitro experiments with bacteria, fungi and protozoan","volume":"10","author":"L V Bonamin","year":"2019","journal-title":"La Rev d'Hom\u00e9opathie"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2015.06.002","article-title":"The use of animal models in homeopathic research\u2013a review of 2010-2014 PubMed indexed papers","volume":"104","author":"L V Bonamin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"The Science of Homeopathy","author":"G Vithoulkas","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"445","article-title":"Atividade de formigas cortadeiras Acromyrmex spp. submetidas a prepara\u00e7\u00f5es homeop\u00e1ticas","volume":"34","author":"A Giesel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Sci Agron"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2006.04.005","article-title":"Effect of homeopathic treatment of 60 Japanese patients with chronic skin disease","volume":"15","author":"R Itamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S1475-4916(03)00017-1","article-title":"Homeopathic treatment of Japanese patients with intractable atopic dermatitis","volume":"92","author":"R Itamura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2011.09.002","article-title":"Prospective observational study of 42 patients with atopic dermatitis treated with homeopathic medicines","volume":"101","author":"J E Eizayaga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Wound healing according to biochemical laws by highly potentized homeopathic remedies containing magnetic photons","volume":"5","author":"K Lenger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2018-0127","article-title":"Evaluation of antipyretic activity of Belladonna and Pyrogenium ultrahigh dilutions in induced fever model: antipyretic effects of Belladonna and Pyrogenium","volume":"16","author":"S Ahmad","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Complement Integr Med"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"In vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Pyrogenium [PhD thesis]","author":"P J Shah","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s11094-005-0158-0","article-title":"Ointments, gels, liniments, and creams containing phytopreparations (a review)","volume":"39","author":"O A Semkina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharm Chem J"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"82","article-title":"Tratamiento de traumatismos infantiles con una pomada homeop\u00e1tica","volume":"16","author":"J Ludwig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Biol (Milano)"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010801)92:3<684::AID-CNCR1371>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"A randomized, controlled clinical trial of the homeopathic medication TRAUMEEL S\u00ae in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced stomatitis in children undergoing stem cell transplantation","volume":"92","author":"M Oberbaum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"18","article-title":"Review of the clinical efficacy of the multicomponent combination medication Traumeel and its components","volume":"17","author":"C M\u00fcller-L\u00f6bnitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00449688","article-title":"The efficacy of Prrrikweg gel in the treatment of insect bites: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"18","author":"N Hill","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharm World Sci"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00192367","article-title":"A placebo controlled clinical trial investigating the efficacy of a homeopathic after-bite gel in reducing mosquito bite induced erythema","volume":"49","author":"N Hill","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000323","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000323","article-title":"Italian consensus conference on guidelines for conservative treatment on lower limb muscle injuries in athlete","volume":"4","author":"G N Bisciotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"}],"container-title":["Homeopathy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0041-1739395.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:06:17Z","timestamp":1668557177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0041-1739395"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1739395","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-4916","1476-4245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-4916","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]}}}