{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:15:07Z","timestamp":1787004907514,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Colon Rectal Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pelvic radiation is increasingly being used for the neoadjuvant and definitive treatment of pelvic organ malignancy. While this treatment can be highly effective, and may assist in organ sparing, it is also associated with significant toxicity and devastating adverse events that need to be considered. In broad terms, pelvic radiation disease affects both the primary target organ as well as adjacent organs and soft tissue structures, with complications that can be classified and graded according to consensus criteria. The complication grade is often modality, dose, and area dependent. The most common manifestations are proctitis, cystitis, recto-urethral fistula, ureteric stricture, and bone involvement. Toxicity can be misdiagnosed for many years, resulting in significant management delays. Complications can be difficult to prevent and challenging to treat, requiring specialized multi-disciplinary input to achieve the best possible strategy to minimize impact and improve patient quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]],"date-time":"2022-02-12T18:38:02Z","timestamp":1644691082000},"page":"204-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pelvic Radiation Disease"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Tarik","family":"Sammour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Wayfinding, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman A.","family":"Kahokehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Flinders University, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30333-2","article-title":"Radical surgery versus organ preservation via short-course radiotherapy followed by transanal endoscopic microsurgery for early-stage rectal cancer (TREC): a randomised, open-label feasibility study","volume":"6","author":"S P Bach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99286-0_2","article-title":"Advances in radiotherapy for prostate cancer treatment","volume":"1096","author":"T K Podder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2021.1844567","article-title":"Proton therapy for thoracic malignancies: a review of oncologic outcomes","volume":"21","author":"N V Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2020.01.046","article-title":"Costing urologic complications following pelvic radiation therapy","volume":"140","author":"M Handmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.12.003","article-title":"Pelvic complications after prostate cancer radiation therapy and their management: an international collaborative narrative review","volume":"75","author":"R Matta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"917941","article-title":"Radiation proctitis: current strategies in management","volume":"2011","author":"N L Do","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1323.2001.01809.x","article-title":"Anorectal injury following pelvic radiotherapy","volume":"88","author":"D Hayne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-011-0470-2","article-title":"A mechanism for abnormal angiogenesis in human radiation proctitis: analysis of expression profile for angiogenic factors","volume":"47","author":"H Takeuchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2016.07.009","article-title":"Long-term results on the efficacy of argon plasma coagulation for patients with chronic radiation proctitis after conventionally fractionated, dose-escalated radiation therapy for prostate cancer","volume":"7","author":"J Weiner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"31","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6972","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i31.6972","article-title":"Endoscopic and non-endoscopic approaches for the management of radiation-induced rectal bleeding","volume":"22","author":"J P Weiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"668","article-title":"Treatment and outcomes of patients with chronic radiation proctitis. 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