{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T22:54:43Z","timestamp":1767826483466,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","funder":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD27915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD27915"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD36801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD36801"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD34208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD34208"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD34116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD34116"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD40485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD40485"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD40500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD40500"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD27869"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD27869"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD40560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD40560"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD40544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD40544"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD40544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD40544"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD53097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD53097"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD40512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD40512"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD40545"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD40545"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UL1TR001070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UL1TR000439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003Antenatal and early neonatal nutritional environment may influence later metabolic health. Infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have higher risk for childhood obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Leptin and adiponectin are known biomarkers for MetS and may guide interventions to reduce later obesity. We sought to examine the relationship between birthweight, early infancy feeding practices, and biomarkers for MetS in offspring of women with mild GDM.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003Secondary analysis of a prospective observational follow-up study on the offspring of women who participated in a multicenter randomized treatment trial on mild GDM. Children were evaluated by research coordinators and biospecimens collected at the age of 5 to 10. Plasma concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were compared between large for gestational age (LGA) and average birthweight (AGA) infants, and according to whether solid foods were introduced early (&lt;6 months of age) or at the recommended age (\u22656 months of age). Multivariable analysis adjusted for fetal sex, race\/ethnicity, and maternal body mass index.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003Leptin and adiponectin were measured in 336 plasma samples. In bivariate analysis, compared with AGA children, LGA children had lower leptin (5.0\u2009ng\/mL [3.6\u20136.0] vs. 5.8\u2009ng\/mL [4.5\u2009=\u20096.6], p\u2009=\u20090.01) and similar adiponectin (6.3 \u00b5g\/mL [5.1\u20137.9] vs. 6.4 \u00b5g\/mL [5.3\u20138.6], p\u2009=\u20090.49) concentrations. Maternal\/child characteristics were similar between the early\/delayed solid feeding groups. Leptin and adiponectin concentrations were similar in the early fed and delayed feeding groups (5.8\u2009ng\/mL [4.6\u20136.7] vs. 5.6\u2009ng\/mL [4.2\u20136.6], p\u2009=\u20090.50 and 6.4 \u00b5g\/mL [5.4\u20138.1] vs. 6.4 \u00b5g\/mL [5.1\u20138.8], p\u2009=\u20090.85, respectively). After controlling for covariates, children who were LGA and AGA at birth had similar leptin concentrations.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003Birthweight and early infancy feeding practice are not associated with alterations in leptin and adiponectin in children of women with mild GDM.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T01:22:00Z","timestamp":1639704120000},"page":"584-591","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neonatal Birthweight, Infant Feeding, and Childhood Metabolic Markers"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3038-5696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Pippen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bethany","family":"Stetson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington, Dist. of Columbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Varner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian M.","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uma M.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald J.","family":"Wapner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dwight J.","family":"Rouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan T. N.","family":"Tita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"John M.","family":"Thorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward K.","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MetroHealth Medical Center-Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George R.","family":"Saade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean C.","family":"Blackwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"219","key":"ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States, 2011\u20132014","volume":"219","author":"C L Ogden","year":"2015","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2017.08.008","article-title":"Obesity in pregnancy: optimizing outcomes for mom and baby","volume":"102","author":"H Dutton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"S 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