{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T05:55:37Z","timestamp":1747806937016,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003Revision stapes surgeries are difficult to perform, and their audiological results are inferior to primary surgeries.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003Our goal was to identify the most common and most influential postoperative reasons that cause persistent air-bone gap (ABG) after the primary surgery. Our focus was concentrated on the mechanical dysfunctions in the middle ear, with special regard to postoperative adhesion formation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003We performed a retrospective case series study with 23 cases that underwent revision stapedotomies.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003A significant improvement was seen in ABG and air conduction levels after surgery. The periprosthetic adhesion formation was seen in 65% of the cases, and it was the primary cause behind the unsatisfactory hearing result in 30% of cases. There was no significant difference in the level of persistent ABGs after the primary surgery, in case of the intratympanic adhesion presence, compared with the presence of other surgical failures. Concerning hearing and ABG gain after revision surgery, the non-inferiority of the negative effect associated with adhesion was shown compared with the other reasons.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003The revision stapedotomy is an efficient treatment option in case of persistent ABG. Periprosthetic adhesions are the most common intratympanic reasons for compromised audiological outcomes after stapedotomy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Adhesion formations have the same negative effect on ABG development as any other surgical failure, and the revision could be more challenging in these cases. These findings highlight the use of the most atraumatic surgical technique and preservation of intact intratympanic mucosa during middle ear surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:17:05Z","timestamp":1639441025000},"page":"e422-e427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Revision Stapedotomies: The Role of Periprosthetic Scar Tissue Formation in the Development of Unsatisfactory Hearing Results after Stapedotomy"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5236-8139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Polony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis Egyetem (Semmelweis University), Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3036-7957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"G\u00e1borj\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis Egyetem (Semmelweis University), Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Tam\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis Egyetem (Semmelweis University), Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0712-1505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Sz\u00e9kely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis Egyetem (Semmelweis University), Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1159\/000433510","article-title":"Audiometric Results after Stapedotomy Operations in Patients with Otosclerosis and Preoperative Small Air-Bone Gaps","volume":"20","author":"C Salmon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Audiol Neurotol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(95)70103-6","article-title":"Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium guidelines for the evaluation of results of treatment of conductive hearing loss. AmericanAcademy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Ffoundation, Inc","volume":"113","year":"1995","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000235311.80066.df","article-title":"Surgical findings and long-term hearing results in 3,050 stapedotomies for primary otosclerosis: a prospective study with the otology-neurotology database","volume":"27","author":"R Vincent","year":"2006","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","first-page":"408","article-title":"Functional hearing results in revision stapes surgery","volume":"18","author":"G Magliulo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2273.1996.00792.x","article-title":"Revision surgery in otosclerosis\u2013an investigation of the factors which influence the hearing result","volume":"21","author":"C B Pedersen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12769","article-title":"Our approach to revision stapes surgery and the outcomes from 49 procedures at a UK tertiary centre","volume":"42","author":"H Kanona","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2015.1035402","article-title":"The stability of short-term hearing outcome after stapedotomy: a prospective database study","volume":"135","author":"S A Andersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812437156","article-title":"Is it valid to calculate the 3-kilohertz threshold by averaging 2 and 4 kilohertz?","volume":"147","author":"R K Gurgel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1563540","article-title":"Evaluation of Functional Outcomes after Stapes Surgery in Patients with Clinical Otosclerosis in a Teaching Institution","volume":"20","author":"J C Souza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2013.12.014","article-title":"Laser versus non-laser stapedotomy in otosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"L Fang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000465","article-title":"Comparing mechanical effects and sound production of KTP, thulium, and CO2 laser in stapedotomy","volume":"35","author":"D M Kamalski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1602703","article-title":"Short-Term Audiological Results of Diode Laser in Comparison with Manual Perforation in Stapes Surgery","volume":"22","author":"R Hamerschmidt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22738","article-title":"Laser-assisted fixation of a nitinol stapes prosthesis","volume":"50","author":"F Schr\u00f6tzlmair","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05688-y","article-title":"Endoscopic stapedotomy: safety and audiological results in 150 patients","volume":"277","author":"L Bianconi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Arch 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cases","volume":"277","author":"L Sz\u00e9kely","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"}],"container-title":["International Archives of 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