{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T16:06:46Z","timestamp":1793376406343,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Respir Crit Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although few studies evaluated the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) or ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis in COVID-19 patients, several studies evaluated the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in these patients. Based on the results of a large multicenter European study, VAP incidence is higher in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (36.1%), as compared with those with influenza pneumonia (22.2%), or no viral infection at intensive care unit (ICU) admission (16.5%). Potential explanation for the high incidence of VAP in COVID-19 patients includes long duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, high incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and immune-suppressive treatment. Specific risk factors for VAP, including SARS-CoV-2-related pulmonary lesions, and bacteria\u2013virus interaction in lung microbiota might also play a role in VAP pathogenesis. VAP is associated with increased mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, and ICU length of stay in COVID-19 patients. Further studies should focus on the incidence of HAP especially in ICU non-ventilated patients, better determine the pathophysiology of these infections, and evaluate the accuracy of currently available treatment guidelines in COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T23:48:40Z","timestamp":1642549720000},"page":"243-247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia\/Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Tracheobronchitis in COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Anahita","family":"Rouz\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Lille, M\u00e9decine Intensive-R\u00e9animation, Lille, France"},{"name":"Inserm U1285, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unit\u00e9 de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"Nseir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Lille, M\u00e9decine Intensive-R\u00e9animation, Lille, France"},{"name":"Inserm U1285, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unit\u00e9 de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"m1996","article-title":"Characterization and clinical course of 1000 patients with COVID-19 in New York: retrospective case series","volume":"369","author":"M G Mgargenziano","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv Prepr Serv Heal Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1923","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1923","article-title":"Incidence, clinical outcomes, and transmission dynamics of severe coronavirus disease 2019 in California and Washington: prospective cohort 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