{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:48:44Z","timestamp":1791384524529,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003More than half of children and adolescents have experienced headache within the last 3 months. Several risk factors for headache have been identified, including obesity and lack of sleep. The association between screen time and headache in children and adolescents is sparsely investigated. The aim of this study was to assess this association and evaluate if it varied according to headache diagnosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Method\u2003This cross-sectional study was performed at the tertiary pediatric outpatient clinic for headache at Herlev University Hospital. A total of 139 participants who answered a questionnaire on lifestyle factors and their daily living were included. Diagnoses of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) were made according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3. Children with both migraine and TTH were allocated to a mixed headache group. We differentiated between total, leisure, and school-related screen time.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The mean age was 13.20\u2009\u00b1\u20093.38 years and 53.2% were girls. Note that 25.2% were diagnosed with migraine without aura, 23.0% migraine with aura, 28.1% TTH, 15.8% mixed headache, and 7.9% had an unclassified headache diagnosis at the time of inclusion. There was no statistically significant difference in screen time across the five headache groups. An association between screen time and headache frequency was found in children with migraine with aura.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003In this study, we investigated the association between screen time and headache in children and adolescents. More screen time was associated with more frequent headaches in children with migraine with aura. Future prospective studies are needed to determine the causality of this association.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:20:36Z","timestamp":1639527636000},"page":"221-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Headache in Children and Adolescents: The Association between Screen Time and Headache within a Clinical Headache Population"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Josefine","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amalie","family":"Berring-Uldum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merve","family":"Colak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0279-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanette Marinette Monique","family":"Debes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-15-31","article-title":"The impact of headache in Europe: principal results of the Eurolight project","volume":"15","author":"T J Steiner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2010.03793.x","article-title":"Prevalence of headache and migraine in children and adolescents: a systematic review of population-based studies","volume":"52","author":"I Abu-Arafeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.11.003","article-title":"Pediatric migraine","volume":"27","author":"D W Lewis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2007.01288.x","article-title":"The global burden of headache: a documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide","volume":"27","author":"L J Stovner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70376-3","article-title":"Tension-type headache in childhood and adolescence","volume":"5","author":"P Anttila","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-016-0539-y","article-title":"Lifestyle factors and migraine in childhood","volume":"20","author":"A Russo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420858","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/420858","article-title":"Obesity and headache\/migraine: the importance of weight reduction through lifestyle modifications","volume":"2014","author":"A Verrotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2008.01232.x","article-title":"Obesity in the pediatric headache population: a multicenter study","volume":"49","author":"A D Hershey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12088","article-title":"Obesity in children with headaches: association with headache type, frequency, and disability","volume":"53","author":"S Ravid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-017-0344-1","article-title":"The link between obesity and migraine in childhood: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"G Farello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2007.01303.x","article-title":"The triggers or precipitants of the acute migraine attack","volume":"27","author":"L Kelman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.02.027","article-title":"Triggers, symptoms, and treatment in two populations of migraneurs in Brazil and Spain. 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