{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T09:29:26Z","timestamp":1768296566336,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ruralneuropractice.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JNRP"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>\n<jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>\u2003Lennox\u2013Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is one of the most difficult to treat childhood-onset epileptic encephalopathies. There is growing evidence that lacosamide is safe and efficacious in patients and adults with refractory epilepsy. However, the evidence regarding the efficacy of lacosamide in LGS is controversial so far. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of lacosamide in patients with LGS.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>\n<jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\u2003We conducted a systematic review on MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE CENTRAL, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, collating all available literature till July 31, 2020. The qualitative review included case reports, case series, and both controlled\/uncontrolled trials as well as retrospective studies, but for determining pooled estimates, we only included studies with a sample size of 5 or more. The primary outcome was the efficacy of lacosamide in patients with LGS. Clinical variables related to efficacy and adverse events attributed to lacosamide were extracted from each publication. The pooled estimate of variables related to these parameters was performed using a random-effect model.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>\n<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2003Of the 68 items identified by the search, 14 were reviewed as full-text. Eleven articles including two prospective and six retrospective studies fulfilled eligibility criteria and described outcomes in 81 patients (42 adults, 39 children, 60% male, range\u20141.4\u201361 years). On average, 35.2%, 27.9%, 7.3%, and 29.4% patients had\u2009&gt;\u200950% reduction,\u2009&lt;\u200950% reduction, no change, and worsening of seizure frequency, respectively. Although 36% of patients had adverse events like somnolence, behavioral abnormalities including irritability, aggressiveness, nausea, tremor, memory problems, dizziness, gastrointestinal discomfort, vomiting, and weight loss, no serious adverse events were noted.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>\n<jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\u2003The evidence available in the current literature is not sufficient to support or refute the use of lacosamide in patients with LGS. Although it is one of the possible therapeutic options worth exploring in patients with LGS, caution is still necessary, as there are reports of worsening of seizure frequency in some patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T23:36:22Z","timestamp":1641598582000},"page":"32-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Efficacy and Tolerability of Lacosamide in Lennox\u2013Gastaut Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Prateek Kumar","family":"Panda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indar Kumar","family":"Sharawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lesa","family":"Dawman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pragnya","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ananthanarayanan","family":"Kasinathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialist Pediatric Neurologist, Zulekha Hospital, Dubai"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vyas Kumar","family":"Rathaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740580\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-021-05174-z","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of corpus callosotomy and ketogenic diet in children with Lennox Gastaut syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Sharawat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740580\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-019-01185-5","article-title":"Therapeutic approach to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"119","author":"Borrelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740580\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.07.004","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rufinamide as adjunctive therapy in patients with Lennox Gastaut syndrome: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"91","author":"Sharawat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740580\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12252","article-title":"Use of lacosamide in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: is it too premature?","volume":"130","author":"Italiano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740580\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12251","article-title":"Should be prescribed lacosamide in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome?","volume":"130","author":"Andrade-Machado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740580\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073816664447","article-title":"Lacosamide in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome? 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