{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T19:43:18Z","timestamp":1740166998588,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003Quality of life is closely linked to retronasal olfactory function. Familiarity with odors vary, so tests need validation. Testing can be time-consuming, so a quick test and a thorough test are needed for clinical and research settings.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objectives\u2003The objectives of this study were to validate the original retronasal powder olfactory test in a Danish population and to develop a novel quick retronasal test for easy application.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Ninety-seven participants were included in the study, 59 healthy controls and 38 patients with olfactory impairment. The retronasal test was modified by substituting unfamiliar odors and descriptors and validated with a criterion of correct identification rate of 50% in the original test and 90% in the quick test. Items with over 90% correct identification rate in the modified original test were included in the quick test, resulting in a 10-item test.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The modified retronasal olfactory test achieved good test characteristics, with a 10th percentile cut-off value of 13: sensitivity was 88.9%, specificity 83.0%, positive predictive value 78%, negative predictive value 91.7%, and the receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (ROC-AUC) was 0.86. The quick test achieved acceptable test characteristics, with a 10th percentile cut-off value of 8.2: sensitivity was 72.2%, specificity 90.6%, positive predictive value 83.9%, negative predictive value was 82.8%, and ROC-AUC 0.81.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Validation of both tests demonstrated satisfactory accuracy. We recommend the quick test for screening purposes, and the modified original version for a thorough evaluation. The tests are easily implemented as they are easy to understand and very affordable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T23:38:53Z","timestamp":1645573133000},"page":"e615-e623","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Danish Validation of a Retronasal Olfactory Powder Test and Development of a Novel Quick Retronasal Olfactory Test"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4535-127X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas Steenholt","family":"Niklassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Flavour, Balance and Sleep, Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Regional Hospital G\u00f8dstrup, Herning, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sukanya","family":"Sakthivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9135-6920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander Wieck","family":"Fjaeldstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Flavour, Balance and Sleep, Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Regional Hospital G\u00f8dstrup, Herning, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0864-7987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Therese","family":"Ovesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Flavour, Balance and Sleep, Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Regional Hospital G\u00f8dstrup, 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