{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:35:46Z","timestamp":1791527746922,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Respir Crit Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) represent one of the most common hospital-acquired infections, carrying a significant morbidity and risk of mortality. Increasing antibiotic resistance among the common bacterial pathogens associated with HAP and VAP, especially Enterobacterales and nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria, has made the choice of empiric treatment of these infections increasingly challenging. Moreover, failure of initial empiric therapy to cover the causative agents associated with HAP and VAP has been associated with worse clinical outcomes. This review provides an overview of antibiotics newly approved or in development for the treatment of HAP and VAP. The approved antibiotics include ceftobiprole, ceftolozane\u2013tazobactam, ceftazidime\u2013avibactam, meropenem\u2013vaborbactam, imipenem\u2013relebactam, and cefiderocol. Their major advantages include their high activity against multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T01:11:30Z","timestamp":1643332290000},"page":"280-294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["New Antibiotics for Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Matteo","family":"Bassetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital\u2014IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Mularoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione (IRCCS), Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele Roberto","family":"Giacobbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital\u2014IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Castaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Vena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital\u2014IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700582","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00582-2017","article-title":"International ERS\/ESICM\/ESCMID\/ALAT guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia: Guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)\/ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) of the European Respiratory Society (ERS), European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and Asociaci\u00f3n Latinoamericana del T\u00f3rax (ALAT)","volume":"50","author":"A Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir 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