{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:35:11Z","timestamp":1791974111951,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Purpose\u2003Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for pituitary adenomas can be complicated by the occurrence of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage (IOL). IOL significantly affects the course of surgery predisposing to the development of postoperative CSF leakage, a major source of morbidity and mortality in the postoperative period. The authors trained and internally validated the Random Forest (RF) prediction model to preoperatively identify patients at high risk for IOL. A locally interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) algorithm is employed to elucidate the main drivers behind each machine learning (ML) model prediction.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003The data of 210 patients who underwent TSS were collected; first, risk factors for IOL were identified via conventional statistical methods (multivariable logistic regression). Then, the authors trained, optimized, and audited a RF prediction model.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003IOL reported in 45 patients (21.5%). The recursive feature selection algorithm identified the following variables as the most significant determinants of IOL: Knosp's grade, sellar Hardy's grade, suprasellar Hardy's grade, tumor diameter (on X, Y, and Z axes), intercarotid distance, and secreting status (nonfunctioning and growth hormone [GH] secreting). Leveraging the predictive values of these variables, the RF prediction model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78; 0.86), significantly outperforming the multivariable logistic regression model (AUC\u2009=\u20090.63).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003A RF model that reliably identifies patients at risk for IOL was successfully trained and internally validated. ML-based prediction models can predict events that were previously judged nearly unpredictable; their deployment in clinical practice may result in improved patient care and reduced postoperative morbidity and healthcare costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T23:30:37Z","timestamp":1642375837000},"page":"485-495","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Interpretable Machine Learning\u2013Based Prediction of Intraoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage in Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Pier Paolo","family":"Mattogno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemell iIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1121-9908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio M.","family":"Caccavella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemell iIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemell iIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quintino G.","family":"D'Alessandris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemell iIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Chiloiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Tariciotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Olivi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemell iIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liverana","family":"Lauretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemell iIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3318-6","article-title":"Microsurgical versus endoscopic transsphenoidal resection for acromegaly: a systematic review of outcomes and complications","volume":"159","author":"C J Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.08.088","article-title":"Cavernous sinus invasion in pituitary adenomas: systematic review and pooled data meta-analysis of radiologic criteria and comparison of endoscopic and microscopic surgery","volume":"96","author":"S Dhandapani","year":"2016","journal-title":"World 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