{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:47:00Z","timestamp":1791989220379,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","funder":[{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias","award":["CIBERES CB06\/06\/0028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERES CB06\/06\/0028"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Respir Crit Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe viral infections may result in severe illnesses capable of causing acute respiratory failure that could progress rapidly to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), related to worse outcomes, especially in individuals with a higher risk of infection, including the elderly and those with comorbidities such as asthma, diabetes mellitus and chronic respiratory or cardiovascular disease. In addition, in cases of severe viral pneumonia, co-infection with bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus is related to worse outcomes. Respiratory viruses like influenza, rhinovirus, parainfluenza, adenovirus, metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and coronavirus have increasingly been detected. This trend has become more prevalent, especially in critically ill patients, due to the availability and implementation of molecular assays in clinical practice. Respiratory viruses have been diagnosed as a frequent cause of severe pneumonia, including cases of community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis of patients with severe infections due to respiratory viruses, with a focus on influenza viruses, non-influenza viruses, and coronaviruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T23:32:33Z","timestamp":1645054353000},"page":"060-074","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Severe Infections Due to Respiratory Viruses"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Catia","family":"Cill\u00f3niz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Institut Clinic del T\u00f3rax, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona\u2014Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan M.","family":"Peric\u00e0s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute for Research, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge R.","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Hospital Regional Docente Cl\u00ednico Quir\u00fargico Daniel Alcides Carri\u00f3n, Huancayo, Per\u00fa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Institut Clinic del T\u00f3rax, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona\u2014Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2048","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8122048","article-title":"Role of respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric pneumonia","volume":"8","author":"S Bianchini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30721-4","article-title":"Causes of severe pneumonia requiring hospital admission in children without HIV infection from Africa and Asia: the PERCH multi-country case-control study","volume":"394","author":"Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study Group","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref4","first-page":"782","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in ventilated children\u2013a ten 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