{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T17:31:58Z","timestamp":1773423118066,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":101,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Radiol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Due to long working hours wearing an N95 mask and PPE kit during the COVID-19 pandemic, the healthcare workers (HCWs) complained of headaches, confusion, and exhaustion. This study was therefore performed to study the changes in brain oxygenation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Aim\u2003To compare brain oxygenation in health care workers wearing an N95 mask with a PPE kit versus a three-ply mask during an intensive care setting for 6\u2009hours.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003Thirty clinicians and 30 paramedical staff participated in the study. The control (three-ply mask) and subject (N95 mask with PPE) groups included 15 clinicians and 15 paramedical staff. A comparative analysis of brain oxygenation using a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine was performed in these two groups at the beginning and the end of their work shift.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The mean age of the individuals in the control and subject groups was 30.8 and 30.13 years, respectively. The median value of brain oxygenation in the control and subject groups in the pre-shift was between 33 and 31 and post-shift was 30 and 24. The drop in brain oxygenation in subjects was more than the controls (p\u2009=\u20090.004) in the post-shift assessments. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) using arterial spin labeling (ASL) showed a rise in CBF in both groups post-shift as compared with the pre-shift values. The median values of the right and left MCA in the control and subject groups pre-shift were 82.75\/83.45 and 89.75\/106.65. The post-shift median values of both MCAs of the control and subject groups were 115.65\/115.55 and 109.60\/119.49.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003MRI-BOLD imaging revealed a significant drop in brain oxygenation in the subject group as compared with the control group. Multiphasic-ASL showed a compensatory rise in CBF in both groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1741086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T23:58:42Z","timestamp":1641859122000},"page":"893-900","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["To Study Acute Changes in Brain Oxygenation on MRI in Healthcare Workers Using N95 Mask and PPE Kits for Six Hours a Day"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8315-7924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul Jitendra","family":"Vakharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Wockhardt Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0344-9108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ishaan","family":"Jani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Wockhardt Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shashibala","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Wockhardt Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kurian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRI Applications, Philips India Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"09","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.49","article-title":"MRI estimation of global brain oxygen consumption rate","volume":"30","author":"V Jain","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272557","article-title":"Unexpected reductions in regional cerebral perfusion during prolonged hypoxia","volume":"595","author":"J S Lawley","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16659497","article-title":"Regional hypoxic cerebral vasodilation facilitated by diameter changes primarily in anterior versus posterior circulation","volume":"37","author":"J Mikhail Kellawan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R398","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00270.2015","article-title":"Hypoxemia, oxygen content, and the regulation of cerebral blood flow","volume":"310","author":"R L Hoiland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.34","article-title":"Rapid magnetic resonance measurement of global cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption in humans during rest and hypercapnia","volume":"31","author":"V Jain","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref6","first-page":"1390","article-title":"Resting-state functional MRI: everything that nonexperts have always wanted to know","volume":"39","author":"H Lv","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016150789","article-title":"Arterial spin labeling perfusion of the brain: emerging clinical applications","volume":"281","author":"S Haller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-66239-3_3","article-title":"Pathophysiological aspects of cerebral hypoxia","volume":"3","author":"E Betz","year":"1975","journal-title":"Brain Hypoxia"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"1333","volume-title":"Mild hypercapnia induces vasodilation via adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+ in parenhcymal microvessels of the rat cerebral cortex","author":"K Nakahata","year":"2003"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00069.2007","article-title":"Gray matter blood flow change is unevenly distributed during moderate isocapnic hypoxia in humans","volume":"104","author":"A P Binks","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1115","article-title":"Migraine associated cerebral hyperperfusion with arterial spin-labeled MR imaging","volume":"29","author":"J M Pollock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref12","first-page":"2398212817723443","article-title":"Hippocampal - diencephalic - cingulate networks for memory and emotion: an anatomical guide","volume":"1","author":"E J Bubb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Neurosci Adv"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05026.x","article-title":"Hypoxia and neurodegeneration","volume":"1177","author":"C Peers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1042\/bse0430153","article-title":"Hypoxia and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"43","author":"C Peers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Essays Biochem"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49074","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049074","article-title":"Effects of slow deep breathing at high altitude on oxygen saturation, pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics","volume":"7","author":"G Bilo","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1580\/09-WEME-OR-272R1.1","article-title":"Hydration and the physiological responses to acute normobaric hypoxia","volume":"20","author":"A Richardson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref17","first-page":"97","article-title":"Effects of long-duration of N95 respirator and surgical face mask: a pilot study","volume":"1","author":"H Z Jian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Lung Pulm Respir Res"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0041-1741086.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T06:13:07Z","timestamp":1717740787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0041-1741086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1741086","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-3026","1998-3808"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-3026","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3808","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}}}