{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T16:17:00Z","timestamp":1649175420395},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Knee Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patellofemoral disorders are common causes of knee pain that result in frequent visitations to musculoskeletal care clinics. Patellar tendinopathy, patellar instability and patellar maltracking, and pain are some of the most common pathologies resulting in patellofemoral dysfunction. For each of these diagnoses, there are unique orthoses and braces available, some of which are uniquely designed to address the pathology involved. While the spectrum of patellofemoral disorders is wide ranging and can often be challenging to treat, bracing frequently plays a large role in the overall treatment algorithm. In this article, we summarized the current literature and treatment recommendations related to the most common types of patellar braces. We performed a thorough review of randomized controlled trials and up to date literature to reach well-informed conclusions on current best practice regarding the uses of patellar braces for patellofemoral disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1741429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T01:10:01Z","timestamp":1643332201000},"page":"232-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bracing for the Patellofemoral Joint"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Missouri Orthopaedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri"},{"name":"Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Missouri Orthopaedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Missouri Orthopaedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clayton W.","family":"Nuelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Missouri Orthopaedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","first-page":"393","article-title":"Patellofemoral pain syndrome in athletes: a 5.7-year retrospective follow-up study of 250 athletes","volume":"64","author":"L Bl\u00f8nd","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090369","article-title":"Factors associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"47","author":"N E Lankhorst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref3","first-page":"166","article-title":"Evidence-supported rehabilitation of patellar tendinopathy","volume":"5","author":"M Rutland","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Am J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2017.03.003","article-title":"Single-limb landing biomechanics are altered and patellar tendinopathy related pain is reduced with acute infrapatellar strap application","volume":"24","author":"A B Rosen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12556","article-title":"Effect of patellar strap and sports tape on pain in patellar tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"A de Vries","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503260788","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of acute patellar dislocation","volume":"32","author":"D C Fithian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1549017","article-title":"Patellofemoral instability in active adolescents","volume":"28","author":"Z Ries","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00072","article-title":"Acute patellar dislocation in children and adolescents: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"90","author":"S Palmu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01552649","article-title":"Factors of patellar instability: an anatomic radiographic study","volume":"2","author":"H Dejour","year":"1994","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2019.10.015","article-title":"Management of the first-time lateral patellar dislocation","volume":"26","author":"D S Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.00996.x","article-title":"Gender differences in the incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"20","author":"M Boling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2014.03.008","article-title":"Patellofemoral anatomy and biomechanics","volume":"33","author":"S L Sherman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280040601","article-title":"Characteristics of patients with primary acute lateral patellar dislocation and their recovery within the first 6 months of injury","volume":"28","author":"D M Atkin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2019.07.012","article-title":"Open reduction internal fixation of a traumatic osteochondral lesion of the patella with bioabsorbable screw fixation","volume":"8","author":"C W Nuelle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthrosc Tech"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1607199","article-title":"Internal fixation of osteochondritis dissecans lesions in the patellofemoral joint","volume":"31","author":"C W Nuelle","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref16","first-page":"194","article-title":"Management of patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"75","author":"S Dixit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003795","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003795","article-title":"Targeted interventions for patellofemoral pain syndrome (TIPPS): classification of clinical subgroups","volume":"3","author":"J Selfe","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jsm.0000171258.16941.13","article-title":"Effectiveness of patellar bracing for treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"15","author":"V MY Lun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-200","article-title":"The Patella Pro study - effect of a knee brace on patellofemoral pain syndrome: design of a randomized clinical trial (DRKS-ID:DRKS00003291)","volume":"15","author":"W Petersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.03.017","article-title":"The biomechanics of step descent under different treatment modalities used in patellofemoral pain","volume":"27","author":"J Selfe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099397","article-title":"2018 Consensus statement on exercise therapy and physical interventions (orthoses, taping and manual therapy) to treat patellofemoral pain: recommendations from the 5th International Patellofemoral Pain Research Retreat, Gold Coast, Australia, 2017","volume":"52","author":"N J Collins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"293","key":"ref22","first-page":"208","article-title":"Treatment of overuse patellofemoral pain. Prospective randomized controlled clinical trial in a military setting","author":"A Finestone","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-003-0479-z","article-title":"Effect of bracing on the prevention of anterior knee pain\u2013a prospective randomized study","volume":"12","author":"D Van Tiggelen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500123","article-title":"The role of the knee brace in the prevention of anterior knee pain syndrome","volume":"25","author":"S BenGal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2016.09.007","article-title":"Patellar tendon straps decrease pre-landing quadriceps activation in males with patellar tendinopathy","volume":"24","author":"A B Rosen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2017.05.001","article-title":"Biomechanical and functional efficacy of knee sleeves: a literature review","volume":"28","author":"N A Mohd Sharif","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.07.003","article-title":"A knee brace alters patella position in patellofemoral osteoarthritis: a study using weight bearing magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"24","author":"M J Callaghan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-015-0265-x","article-title":"The effects of a dynamic patellar realignment brace on disease determinants for patellofemoral instability in the upright weight-bearing condition","volume":"10","author":"C Becher","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20790","article-title":"Using real-time MRI to quantify altered joint kinematics in subjects with patellofemoral pain and to evaluate the effects of a patellar brace or sleeve on joint motion","volume":"27","author":"C E Draper","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-007-0428-3","article-title":"The influence of patellar bracing on patellar and knee load-distribution and kinematics: an experimental cadaver study","volume":"16","author":"M Bohnsack","year":"2008","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465990270031401","article-title":"Effect of a patellar realignment brace on patients with patellar subluxation and dislocation. Evaluation with kinematic magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"27","author":"C Muhle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000132376.50984.27","article-title":"The effect of bracing on patella alignment and patellofemoral joint contact area","volume":"36","author":"C M Powers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.03.019","article-title":"A clinical study of the biomechanics of step descent using different treatment modalities for patellofemoral pain","volume":"34","author":"J Selfe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23242","article-title":"Patellar taping and bracing for the treatment of chronic knee pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"S J Warden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2295","article-title":"Effectiveness of conservative treatment for patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"M Saltychev","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.139128","article-title":"Restorative effects of exercise rehabilitation and bracing on females with lateral displacement of patella","volume":"3","author":"A Karimzadehfini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Res"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-785220192702208131","article-title":"Randomized prospective study on the treatment of femoro-patellar osteoarthritis using bracing","volume":"27","author":"G J Yamamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ortop Bras"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518770616","article-title":"Operative repair of medial patellofemoral ligament injury versus knee brace in children with an acute first-time traumatic patellar dislocation: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"M Askenberger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2009.12.0204","article-title":"Effect of bracing on dynamic patellofemoral contact mechanics","volume":"47","author":"N A Wilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref40","first-page":"10","article-title":"The efficacy of orthotics for anterior knee pain in military trainees. A preliminary report","volume":"10","author":"M D Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Knee Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.080218","article-title":"The additional effect of orthotic devices on exercise therapy for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"N M Swart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200104000-00007","article-title":"A systematic review of physical Interventions for patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"11","author":"K Crossley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Knee Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0041-1741429.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]],"date-time":"2022-02-12T00:11:07Z","timestamp":1644624667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0041-1741429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1741429","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1538-8506","1938-2480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1538-8506","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]}}}