{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T01:42:48Z","timestamp":1768268568366,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cervical root resorption is an uncommon, aggressive form of external resorption that occurs on the root surface of a permanent tooth and presents clinically as a characteristic pinkish discoloration of the tooth. The cause of cervical root resorption is poorly understood, and it has been suggested that orthodontic treatment may play a role in causing this pathological condition. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether orthodontic treatment could be considered as a risk factor of cervical root resorption in patients who had undergone fixed appliances therapy. A comprehensive electronic and manual search was conducted in four databases and six journals without any limitations on year of publication. A customized data extraction form was used to retrieve relevant information from each eligible study. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2) and the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions tool (ROBINS-I). The quality of evidence was assessed using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) approach. Two randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and one cohort study were included in the review. Risk of bias was assessed as high for both RCTs and critical for the cohort study. Conflicting results were reported by the studies included in this review. Both RCTs reported significant differences between orthodontically moved teeth and teeth that were not moved, while the cohort study reported a lack of association between fixed orthodontic treatment and cervical root resorption. Quality of evidence provided by this review was judged to be of very low quality. Orthodontic treatment may have potential in inducing cervical root resorption; however, due to the high risk of bias of the included studies and their conflicting findings, better-quality studies are needed to make definitive conclusions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1742127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T23:52:27Z","timestamp":1645660347000},"page":"729-736","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Is Orthodontic Treatment a Risk Factor of Cervical Root Resorption? A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5688-6571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled","family":"Khalaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahd","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Maarouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Root resorption and orthodontic treatment. Review of the literature","volume":"56","author":"G Pizzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Minerva Stomatol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1988.tb00642.x","article-title":"Root resorption\u2013etiology, terminology and clinical manifestations","volume":"4","author":"L Tronstad","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endod Dent Traumatol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.01.015","article-title":"External cervical resorption: a review","volume":"35","author":"S Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","first-page":"27","article-title":"Clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features of invasive cervical resorption","volume":"30","author":"G S Heithersay","year":"1999","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1967.38.6_part1.534","article-title":"Clinical and histological aspects of peripheral cervical resorption","volume":"38","author":"J C Southam","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-1546.2002.10106.x","article-title":"Root resorption due to dental trauma","volume":"1","author":"M Trope","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endod Topics"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56S","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1997.0426","article-title":"Cervical root resorption","volume":"128","author":"M Trope","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref8","first-page":"124","article-title":"Invasive cervical resorption: a review","volume":"5","author":"S D Kandalgaonkar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Int Oral Health"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3390\/dj8030064","article-title":"The disease process, diagnosis and treatment of invasive cervical resorption: a review","volume":"8","author":"O Rotondi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent J (Basel)"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.4103\/ejd.ejd_85_17","article-title":"Retrospective study on sequelae in traumatized permanent teeth","volume":"11","author":"F C Yamashita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1723066","article-title":"Traumatic dental injuries, treatment, and complications in children and adolescents: a register-based study","volume":"15","author":"A Antipovien\u0117","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref12","first-page":"83","article-title":"Invasive cervical resorption: an analysis of potential predisposing factors","volume":"30","author":"G S Heithersay","year":"1999","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.05.021","article-title":"External cervical resorption: a retrospective case-control study","volume":"46","author":"E Irinakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"J AC Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"J A Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables","volume":"64","author":"G Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjw087","article-title":"Orthodontically induced cervical root resorption in humans is associated with the amount of tooth movement","volume":"39","author":"A Dudic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01211.x","article-title":"Periodontal parameters and cervical root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"35","author":"C Giannopoulou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.08.007","article-title":"Occurrence of cervical invasive root resorption in first and second molar teeth of orthodontic patients eight years after bracket removal","volume":"39","author":"A Th\u00f6nen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref23","first-page":"877","article-title":"Invasive cervical resorption following orthodontic treatment: two cases involving the same patient","volume":"47","author":"M Yoshpe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.25.6.049-058.oar","article-title":"Invasive cervical resorption of central incisor during orthodontic treatment","volume":"25","author":"G M Brito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dental Press J Orthod"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref25","first-page":"1561","article-title":"Occurrence of invasive cervical resorption after the completion of orthodontic treatment","volume":"58","author":"P Perlea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.01.011","article-title":"Invasive cervical resorption-distribution, potential predisposing factors, and clinical characteristics","volume":"46","author":"P Y Jeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200307000-00009","article-title":"Computed tomography as a diagnostic aid for extracanal invasive resorption","volume":"29","author":"E Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.12968\/denu.2016.43.10.964","article-title":"Aetiological, histopathological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutical features of idiopathic cervical resorption","volume":"43","author":"V R Gij\u00f3n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dent Update"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.4103\/ejd.ejd_320_17","article-title":"Cone-beam computed tomography in the assessment of periapical lesions in endodontically treated teeth","volume":"12","author":"G Gambarini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref30","first-page":"26","article-title":"Present and future in the use of micro-CT scanner 3D analysis for the study of dental and root canal morphology","volume":"48","author":"N M Grande","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-1546.2004.00060.x","article-title":"Invasive cervical resorption","volume":"7","author":"G Heithersay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endod Topics"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-64","article-title":"Comparison of intervention effects in split-mouth and parallel-arm randomized controlled trials: a meta-epidemiological study","volume":"14","author":"V Sma\u00efl-Faugeron","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjv070","article-title":"Slow and fast orthodontic tooth movement: an experimental study on humans","volume":"38","author":"C Giannopoulou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2013.01.001","article-title":"Bone density and its importance in orthodontics","volume":"3","author":"T Chugh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics","author":"W Proffit","year":"2018","edition":"6th ed."},{"issue":"02","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.04.005","article-title":"Randomization and allocation concealment: a practical guide for researchers","volume":"20","author":"G S Doig","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Crit Care"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0041-1742127.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T00:23:24Z","timestamp":1669249404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0041-1742127"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1742127","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1305-7456","1305-7464"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1305-7456","type":"print"},{"value":"1305-7464","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]}}}