{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T08:57:57Z","timestamp":1765357077034,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Surg J (N Y)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Background\u2003The aim of this study was to assess patient-reported symptoms and health-related quality of life, 12 to 24 months after injury in patients with midfacial fractures.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods\u2003Patients diagnosed with midfacial fractures were assessed regarding symptoms related to the fracture as well as assessment of the patients overall health-related quality of life using the Gothenburg Trismus Questionnaire (GTQ), the Folkestad facial trauma questionnaire, and EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D). Questionnaires were distributed to the study patients 12 to 24 months after the trauma. Medical records were retrospectively surveyed for age, gender, trauma etiology, date of injury, fracture classification, treatment regimen, and time of surgery.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results\u2003Sixty-seven percent of the study group reports sensibility disturbance in the face 12 to 24 months after trauma and 52% reported cosmetic consequences related to the trauma. Numbness in the face was the symptom reported to be most disturbing for the patients. Few of the patients reported severe jaw-related problems, problems with muscular tension, or eating limitation according to the validated questionnaire GTQ.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusion\u2003Sensibility disturbance remains a significant and common symptom 12 to 24 months after midfacial trauma. There is a need for a validated patient-reported outcome instrument for facial trauma that covers multiple aspects of facial trauma such as vision disturbance and diplopia, jaw-related problems, and facial pain as well as sensibility disturbance and cosmetic consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1742174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T23:30:19Z","timestamp":1642462219000},"page":"e22-e27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Patient-Reported Symptoms after Midfacial Trauma"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"08","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4058-2477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Pauli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Grinups","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Folkestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunnhildur","family":"Gudnadottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2006.01.032","article-title":"The conservative management of facial fractures: indications and outcomes","volume":"60","author":"C PN Back","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1607447","article-title":"Complications of midface fractures","volume":"33","author":"K Lozada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2007.09.013","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in Nigerian patients with facial trauma and controls: a preliminary survey","volume":"46","author":"D I Ukpong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref4","first-page":"94","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in facial injuries: a comparative study","volume":"7","author":"N T Prashanth","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Int Oral Health"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref5","first-page":"e636","article-title":"Health-related quality of life of patients with zygomatic fracture","volume":"22","author":"L Kaukola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2017.1337204","article-title":"Quality of life after orbito-facial trauma","volume":"36","author":"G Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2015.11.022","article-title":"Impact of trauma and surgical treatment on the quality of life of patients with facial fractures","volume":"45","author":"J J Conforte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2018.03.010","article-title":"Use of patient-reported outcome measures in oral and maxillofacial trauma surgery: a review","volume":"56","author":"R Ologunde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470024522","volume-title":"Quality of Life the Assessment, Analysis and Interpretation of Patient-Reported Outcomes","author":"P M Fayers","year":"2007","edition":"2nd ed."},{"issue":"12","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2008.01888.x","article-title":"Investigation of infraorbital nerve injury following zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures","volume":"35","author":"D Sakavicius","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(89)80047-2","article-title":"Malar bone fractures and their sequelae. 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