{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T02:31:21Z","timestamp":1789698681045,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study was conducted to determine the effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on indices of insulin resistance and hormonal parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done on 68 women diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria aged 18\u201340 years old. Participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups to receive either 1\u2009000\u2009mg omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil containing 400\u2009mg \u03b1-Linolenic acid plus 400 IU vitamin E supplements (n=34) or placebo (n=34) for 12 weeks. Hormonal parameters were quantified at the beginning of the study and after 12-week intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>After 12 weeks of intervention, compared to the placebo, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in insulin (\u22121.0\u00b13.5 vs. +2.7\u00b16.6\u2009\u00b5IU\/mL, P=0.004), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (\u22120.2\u00b10.8 vs. +0.6\u00b11.5, P=0.005), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated B cell function (\u22124.3\u00b114.3 vs. +10.5\u00b124.5, P=0.004) and a significant increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.006\u00b10.02 vs. \u22120.01\u00b10.04, P=0.008). Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids plus vitamin E led to significant reductions in serum total testosterone (\u22120.5\u00b10.7 vs. \u22120.1\u00b10.5\u2009ng\/mL, P=0.008) and free testosterone (\u22121.2\u00b12.1 vs. \u22120.2\u00b11.7, P=0.04) compared to the placebo group. We did not observe any significant effect of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on fasting plasma glucose and other hormonal profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation for 12 weeks in PCOS women significantly improved indices of insulin resistance, total and free testosterone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-117773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,13]],"date-time":"2017-04-13T18:58:32Z","timestamp":1492109912000},"page":"353-359","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin E Co-Supplementation on Indices of Insulin Resistance and Hormonal Parameters in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Faraneh Afshar","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansooreh","family":"Samimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Foroozanfard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehri","family":"Jamilian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Akbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Rahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahnaz","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Taghizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Memarzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barij Medicinal Plants Research Center, Kashan, I.R. Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zatollah","family":"Asemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"774","article-title":"Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanism and implications for pathogenesis","volume":"18","author":"A Dunaif","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2003.01842.x","article-title":"The pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"60","author":"T Tsilchorozidou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-12-7","article-title":"A case-control observational study of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome among the four phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome based on Rotterdam criteria","volume":"12","author":"A S Jamil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod 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