{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T18:35:28Z","timestamp":1784572528384,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Federa\u00e7\u00e3o das Associa\u00e7\u00f5es de Ginecologia e Obstetr\u00edcia","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To evaluate the effect of the carbohydrate counting method (CCM) on glycemic control, maternal, and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Nonrandomized controlled clinical trial performed with 89 pregnant women who had pregestational DM and received prenatal care in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2009 and 2014, subdivided into historic control group and intervention group, not simultaneous. The intervention group (n\u2009=\u200951) received nutritional guidance from the carbohydrate counting method (CCM), and the historical control group (n\u2009=\u200938), was guided by the traditional method (TM). The Mann-Whitney test or the Wilcoxon test were used to compare intra- and intergroup outcomes and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, corrected by the Bonferroni post-hoc test, was used to assess postprandial blood glucose.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Only the CCM group showed a reduction in fasting blood glucose. Postprandial blood glucose decreased in the 2nd (p\u2009=\u20090.00) and 3rd (p\u2009=\u20090.00) gestational trimester in the CCM group, while in the TM group the reduction occurred only in the 2nd trimester (p\u2009=\u20090.015). For perinatal outcomes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, there were no differences between groups. Cesarean delivery was performed in 82% of the pregnant women and was associated with hypertensive disorders (gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia; p\u2009=\u20090.047).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Both methods of nutritional guidance contributed to the reduction of postprandial glycemia of women and no differences were observed for maternal and perinatal outcomes. However, CCM had a better effect on postprandial glycemia and only this method contributed to reducing fasting blood glucose throughout the intervention.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          ReBEC Clinical Trials Database\u2003The present study was registered in the ReBEC Clinical Trials Database (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Cl\u00ednicos, number RBR-524z9n).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1742291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T23:53:28Z","timestamp":1644450808000},"page":"220-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of Carbohydrate Counting Method during Pregnancy in Women with Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.61622","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9870-2358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa Mello de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o do Instituto de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o Josu\u00e9 de Castro da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2066-7446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella Pinto","family":"Belfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o do Instituto de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o Josu\u00e9 de Castro da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0221-7732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia de Carvalho","family":"Padilha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o do Instituto de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o Josu\u00e9 de Castro da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0889-4662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliane Lopes","family":"Rosado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o do Instituto de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o Josu\u00e9 de Castro da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2205-0212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Let\u00edcia Barbosa Gabriel da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o do Instituto de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o Josu\u00e9 de Castro da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5137-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanmira","family":"Fagherazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternidade Escola da UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro \u2013 RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1579-3299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lenita","family":"Zajdenverg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternidade Escola da UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro \u2013 RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0438-223X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto Lu\u00eds","family":"Zagury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternidade Escola da UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro \u2013 RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8815-6736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o do Instituto de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o Josu\u00e9 de Castro da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Maternidade Escola da UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro \u2013 RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"47794","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2019","edition":"8th ed."},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.06.001","article-title":"Fasting plasma glucose to avoid a full OGTT in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes","volume":"105","author":"J Trujillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-Sint","article-title":"Introduction: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020","volume":"43","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-S061","article-title":"Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association","volume":"31","author":"J P Bantle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes","author":"S Brasileira de Diabetes","year":"2019"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401","article-title":"The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"329","author":"D M Nathan","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70144-X","article-title":"Efficacy of carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"K J Bell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114518001484","article-title":"Food intake of women with gestational diabetes mellitus, in accordance with two methods of dietary guidance: a randomised controlled clinical trial","volume":"121","author":"L B Gabriel da Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Manual oficial de contagem de carboidratos para profissionais da sa\u00fade","author":"Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Secretaria de Aten\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 Sa\u00fade. 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