{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T21:53:51Z","timestamp":1783979631071,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Lab Physicians"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Enterococci are nosocomial pathogen. They can develop high-level resistance to aminoglycoside by producing aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs). In enterococci, high level resistance to aminoglycosides is mediated by acquisition of plasmid mediated genes encoding for aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs). High level gentamicin resistance (MIC \u2265 500\u03bcg \/mL) is predominantly mediated by aac(6\u2032)-Ie-aph(2\u2033)-Ia, encoding the bifunctional aminoglycoside modifying enzyme AAC(6\u2032)-APH(2\u2033). This enzyme eliminates the synergistic activity of gentamicin when combined with a cell wall active agent. Other AME genes such as aph(2\u2033)-Ib, aph(2\u2033)-Ic, aph(2\u2033)-Id and ant(4\u2032)-1a have also been detected in enterococci.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003This study was carried out to determine the diverse prevalence of AME and their pattern of occurrence in the clinical isolates of Enterococci.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003A total number of 150 clinical isolates were included in this study. Susceptibility to various antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was ascertained by agar dilution method. Polymerase chain reaction was done to screen the following AMEs (aac(6\u2032)-Ie-aph(2\u2033)-Ia; aph(2\u2033)-Ib; aph(2\u2033)-Ic; aph(2\u2033)-Id and aph(3\u2032)- IIIa genes).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u200351.3% of the study isolates exhibited high level gentamicin resistance. Polymerase chain reaction revealed that aph(3\u2032)-111a is the most prevalent AME, followed by aac(6\u2032)-1e-aph(2\u2033)-1a. The combination of both the genes were detected in 44.1% of the study isolates. The rest of the AMEs and their combinations were not encountered in this study. 8.6% of the study isolates did not harbour any AME genes screened for, but was phenotypically resistant to gentamicin. In contrast 31.3% anchored the AME genes but phenotypically appeared susceptible to gentamicin.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003This study indicates the high- level aminoglycoside resistance disseminated among Enterococci in our geographical region. It also emphasizes the detection of AMEs by PCR is mandatory because strains that appear susceptible by disc diffusion and\/or MIC method may harbour one or more AMEs genes leading to therapeutic failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1742423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T23:55:08Z","timestamp":1645660508000},"page":"290-294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Molecular Characterization of High-Level Aminoglycoside Resistance among Enterococcus Species"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8613-7440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harish","family":"Manoharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aishwarya K.V.","family":"Lalitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanthi","family":"Mariappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uma","family":"Sekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geetha P.","family":"Venkataramana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 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Malaysia","volume":"12","author":"A A Moussa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"}],"container-title":["Journal of Laboratory 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