{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T19:33:55Z","timestamp":1783625635964,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003Acute upper respiratory infection (AURI) is the most common cause of postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003We investigated the prevalence of PIOD in a large group of patients reporting persistent smell impairment perception after the AURI resolution.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Olfactometry was performed within 1 month after the common cold resolution and after 1 year in 467 (299 males, mean age 41.7 years) outpatients. The Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test (Burghart instruments, Wedel, Germany) was used.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Anosmia was documented in 28 (6%) patients, hyposmia in 33 (7%), and cacosmia in 55 (11.7%). After 1 year, PIOD improved in 82 (79.6%) patients re-tested.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003The current study demonstrated that persistent olfactory dysfunction is a relevant symptom in patients with AURI, even though many patients had normal olfactometry. Thus, smell impairment deserves careful attention and requires objective documentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1742761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:33:18Z","timestamp":1646267598000},"page":"e657-e660","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Postinfectious Olfactory Complaints: A Follow-up Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8176-0962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio Cesare","family":"Passali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8074-4701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desiderio","family":"Passali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Departement, International Federation ORL Societies (IFOS), Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7016-8421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Ciprandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Clinic, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12162-9","article-title":"The common cold","volume":"361","author":"T Heikkinen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.125.9.1005","article-title":"Fluctuating olfactory sensitivity and distorted odor perception in allergic rhinitis","volume":"125","author":"A J Apter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200101000-00002","article-title":"The diagnosis of a conductive olfactory loss","volume":"111","author":"A M Seiden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjn011","article-title":"The impact of natural odors on affective states in humans","volume":"33","author":"S T Weber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref5","first-page":"331","article-title":"Long term serious olfactory loss in colds and\/or flu","volume":"64","author":"J de Haro-Licer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21869","article-title":"Investigation of chemosensitivity during and after an acute cold","volume":"7","author":"R Pellegrino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489509133353","article-title":"Olfactory threshold and nasal mucosal changes in experimentally induced common cold","volume":"115","author":"A Akerlund","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.132.3.265","article-title":"Recovery of olfactory function following closed head injury or infections of the upper respiratory tract","volume":"132","author":"J Reden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21293","article-title":"Predictors of prognosis in patients with olfactory disturbance","volume":"63","author":"B London","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2010.27","article-title":"Prognostic factors of olfactory dysfunction","volume":"136","author":"T Hummel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-006-0173-0","article-title":"Normative data for the \u201cSniffin' Sticks\u201d including tests of odor identification, odor discrimination, and olfactory thresholds: an upgrade based on a group of more than 3,000 subjects","volume":"264","author":"T Hummel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892420957853","article-title":"A systematic review of the neuropathologic findings of post-viral olfactory dysfunction: implications and novel insight for the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"35","author":"J C Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.04.002","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of olfactory dysfunction - 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