{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:30:28Z","timestamp":1777620628146,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003Laryngeal leukoplakia corresponds to a white lesion in the mucosa developed by the deposit of keratin in the epithelium, potentiated by chronic smoking. It is considered a preneoplastic lesion. Surgery is the most adopted treatment; however, non-surgical treatment is advocated by some authors.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin A in the management of vocal fold leukoplakia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Patients with videolaryngoscopy diagnosis of vocal fold leukoplakia were selected. The endoscopic images were photographed and with the aid of the ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), the proportion of the size of the leukoplakia was calculated. Eligible patients were prescribed 50,000U of vitamin A, twice daily for 2 months, at which point videolaryngostroboscopy was repeated for comparative analysis between pre and posttreatment. The efficacy of the treatment was classified as: outcome I \u2013 complete improvement of the lesion, outcome II \u2013 partial improvement, and outcome III \u2013 no difference or increased lesion size.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Fifteen patients (eight women, seven men) were included, six of whom had bilateral lesions. Smoking was reported in 86.8% of patients. Complete improvement of the lesion was found in 7 cases (33.4%, outcome I), partial improvement in 6 (28.6%, outcome II), and worsening of the injury in 8 (38.1%, outcome III). Of the latter, 6 underwent microsurgery; histopathology indicated absence of dysplasia in 3, and mild dysplasia in 3.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusions\u2003In this study, the treatment with vitamin A at a dose of 100,000\u2009IU daily for 2 months was effective in reducing the laryngeal leukoplakia size in 62% of cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1742767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T23:44:36Z","timestamp":1668123876000},"page":"e97-e103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Vocal Folds Leukoplakia: The Efficacy of Vitamin A in the Initial Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Dayane Silvestre","family":"Botini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista(Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2091-2141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio Augusto","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatical Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Le\u00e3o","family":"Castilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista(Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Mercuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista(Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0772-1962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina Helena Garcia","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista(Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1998","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24368","article-title":"Classification of vocal fold leukoplakia by clinical scoring","volume":"38","author":"T J Fang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000106","article-title":"Laryngeal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions: An Updated Review on Etiology, Classification, Molecular 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