{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T11:05:07Z","timestamp":1773140707187,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":68,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TH Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and may result in an overactive coagulative system, thereby resulting in serious cardiovascular consequences in critically affected patients. The respiratory tract is a primary target for COVID-19 infection, which is manifested as acute lung injury in the most severe form of the viral infection, leading to respiratory failure. A proportion of infected patients may progress to serious systemic disease including dysfunction of multiple organs, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and coagulation abnormalities, all of which are associated with increased mortality, additionally depending on age and compromised immunity. Coagulation abnormalities associated with COVID-19 mimic other systemic coagulopathies otherwise involved in other severe infections, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and may be termed COVID-19 induced coagulopathy (CIC). There is substantial evidence that patients with severe COVID-19 exhibiting CIC can develop venous and arterial thromboembolic complications. In the initial stages of CIC, significant elevation of D-dimer and fibrin\/fibrinogen degradation products is observed. Alteration in prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and platelet counts are less common in the early phase of the disease. In patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), coagulation test screening involving the measurement of D-dimer and fibrinogen levels, has been recommended. Prior established protocols for thromboembolic prophylaxis are also followed for CIC, including the use of heparin and other standard supportive care measures. In the present review, we summarize the characteristics of CIC and its implications for thrombosis, clinical findings of coagulation parameters in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with incidences of thromboembolic events and plausible therapeutic measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1744185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:23:44Z","timestamp":1646958224000},"page":"e70-e79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["COVID-19 Induced Coagulopathy (CIC): Thrombotic Manifestations of Viral Infection"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"06","author":[{"given":"Swati","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deptartment of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aastha","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahid","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deptartment of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"C Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa231","article-title":"Coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system: acute and long-term implications","volume":"41","author":"T Y Xiong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China. 2019","volume":"382","author":"N Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v91i1.93973","article-title":"WHO declares COVID-19 a Pandemic","volume":"91","author":"D Cucinotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.058","article-title":"Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein","volume":"181","author":"A C Walls","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05985-9","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target","volume":"46","author":"H Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2004973","article-title":"Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1","volume":"382","author":"N van Doremalen","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin","volume":"579","author":"P Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","volume-title":"Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan,","author":"D Wang","year":"2020"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"W J Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref12","first-page":"2352","article-title":"Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic","author":"E Driggin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1286","article-title":"Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System: A Review","volume":"5","author":"M Madjid","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-020-02601-y","article-title":"COVID-19 coagulopathy: is it disseminated intravascular coagulation?","volume":"16","author":"M Levi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"N Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14768","article-title":"Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia","volume":"18","author":"N Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.0950","article-title":"Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China","volume":"5","author":"S Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.3.374","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"290","author":"T W Lew","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.017","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"J Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"F Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.0994","article-title":"Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China","volume":"180","author":"C Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-020-00248-5","article-title":"Incidence of thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"K Boonyawat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb J"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14844","article-title":"Pathological evidence of pulmonary thrombotic phenomena in severe COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"M Dolhnikoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.04.013","article-title":"Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19","volume":"191","author":"F A Klok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14869","article-title":"High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients","volume":"18","author":"J F Llitjos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14888","article-title":"Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"S Middeldorp","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2020.04.004","article-title":"Upsurge of deep venous thrombosis in patients affected by COVID-19: Preliminary data and possible explanations","volume":"8","author":"E M Marone","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-2003","article-title":"Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"173","author":"D Wichmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"Deep Vein Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan","author":"L Zhang","year":"2020"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047407","article-title":"Extremely High Incidence of Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis in 48 Patients With Severe COVID-19 in Wuhan","volume":"142","author":"B Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-0228","article-title":"Thrombotic risk in COVID-19: a case series and case-control study","volume":"20","author":"S M Stoneham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.05.053","article-title":"High prevalence of deep vein thrombosisin mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients","volume":"76","author":"S Voicu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.05.049","article-title":"Image-proven thromboembolism in patients with severe COVID-19 in a tertiary critical care unit in the United Kingdom","volume":"193","author":"M JR Desborough","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03025-y","article-title":"Thrombotic and hemorrhagic events in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a French monocenter retrospective study","volume":"24","author":"M Fraiss\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0311-8","article-title":"The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention","volume":"20","author":"M Z Tay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2020.04.009","article-title":"Bioinformatic analysis and identification of single-stranded RNA sequences recognized by TLR7\/8 in the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV genomes","volume":"22","author":"M A Moreno-Eutimio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30937-5","article-title":"Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19","volume":"395","author":"Z Varga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00786","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is an essential regulator of heart function","volume":"417","author":"M A Crackower","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000205761.22353.5f","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme II in the heart and the kidney","volume":"98","author":"U Danilczyk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.3.9705034","article-title":"Elevated circulating E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and von Willebrand factor in patients with severe infection","volume":"157","author":"S Kayal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3765","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-06-1887","article-title":"The role of the endothelium in severe sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome","volume":"101","author":"W C Aird","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15409","article-title":"ADAMTS13 regulation of VWF multimer distribution in severe COVID-19","volume":"19","author":"S E Ward","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15191","article-title":"The ADAMTS13-von Willebrand factor axis in COVID-19 patients","volume":"19","author":"I Mancini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.2.507","article-title":"Platelet-endothelial cell interactions during ischemia\/reperfusion: the role of P-selectin","volume":"92","author":"S Massberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90337-9","article-title":"Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: the multistep paradigm","volume":"76","author":"T A Springer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.004","article-title":"is Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Engineered Human Tissues Using Clinical-Grade Soluble Human ACE2","volume":"181","author":"V Monteil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.03.022","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A meta-analysis","volume":"506","author":"G Lippi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14848","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia and its association with mortality in patients with COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"X Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007252","article-title":"Platelet activation and platelet-monocyte aggregate formation trigger tissue factor expression in patients with severe COVID-19","volume":"136","author":"E D Hottz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315547","article-title":"Patients With COVID-19 Have Elevated Levels of Circulating Extracellular Vesicle Tissue Factor Activity That Is Associated With Severity and Mortality-Brief Report","volume":"41","author":"A Rosell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2020.102459","article-title":"Hypoxia induced up-regulation of tissue factor is mediated through extracellular RNA activated Toll-like receptor 3-activated protein 1 signalling","volume":"84","author":"S Bhagat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"87","article-title":"Aldose reductase, oxidative stress, and diabetic mellitus","volume":"3","author":"W H Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4462","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59291","article-title":"Glucose and collagen regulate human platelet activity through aldose reductase induction of thromboxane","volume":"121","author":"W H Tang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005224","article-title":"Aldose reductase-mediated phosphorylation of p53 leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and damage in diabetic platelets","volume":"129","author":"W H Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1160\/TH06-06-0313","article-title":"Platelet microparticle membranes have 50- to 100-fold higher specific procoagulant activity than activated platelets","volume":"97","author":"E I Sinauridze","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2015432","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in Covid-19","volume":"383","author":"M Ackermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa062","article-title":"COVID-19 Autopsies, Oklahoma, USA","volume":"153","author":"L M Barton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30243-5","article-title":"Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans","volume":"8","author":"S E Fox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.310795","article-title":"Circulating platelets as mediators of immunity, inflammation, and thrombosis","volume":"122","author":"M Koupenova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00649","article-title":"Platelets and infection - an emerging role of platelets in viral infection","volume":"5","author":"A Assinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09607-x","article-title":"The role of platelets in mediating a response to human influenza infection","volume":"10","author":"M Koupenova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-11-536003","article-title":"Platelet-TLR7 mediates host survival and platelet count during viral infection in the absence of platelet-dependent thrombosis","volume":"124","author":"M Koupenova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"77","article-title":"Platelet granuleexocytosis: a comparison with chromaffin cells","volume":"4","author":"J L Fitch- Tewfik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00042","article-title":"The non- hemostatic aspects of transfused platelets","volume":"5","author":"C Sut","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.037","article-title":"The pathogenesis and treatment of the \u2018Cytokine Storm\u2019 in COVID-19","volume":"80","author":"Q Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3405","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-05-504449","article-title":"Platelets mediate increased endothelium permeability in dengue through NLRP3-inflammasome activation","volume":"122","author":"E D Hottz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007008","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to immunothrombosis in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"136","author":"E A Middleton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2006.06.001","article-title":"Platelet-neutrophil-interactions: linking hemostasis and inflammation","volume":"21","author":"A Zarbock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e362","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(20)30109-5","article-title":"Attention should be paid to venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in the management of COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"T Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2007.05.021","article-title":"Human platelets can activate peripheral blood B cells and increase production of immunoglobulins","volume":"35","author":"F Cognasse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1729856","article-title":"Is Lupus Anticoagulant a Significant Feature of COVID-19? A Critical Appraisal of the Literature","volume":"48","author":"E J Favaloro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06062-","article-title":"High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study","volume":"46","author":"J Helms","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.143278","article-title":"Effectiveness of d-dimer as a screening test for venous thromboembolism: an update","volume":"6","author":"S Pulivarthi","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-01-548065","article-title":"D-dimer to guide the duration of anticoagulation in patients with venous thromboembolism: a management study","volume":"124","author":"G Palareti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14817","article-title":"Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy","volume":"18","author":"N Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14854","article-title":"The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"18","author":"M Ranucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.031","article-title":"COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up: JACC State-of-the-art review","volume":"75","author":"B Bikdeli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006000","article-title":"COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation","volume":"135","author":"J M Connors","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1159\/000512007","article-title":"The Impact of COVID-19 Disease on Platelets and Coagulation","volume":"88","author":"G D Wool","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"issue":"535","key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaav8075","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aav8075","article-title":"Design of anti-inflammatory heparan sulfate to protect against acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure","volume":"12","author":"K Arnold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1160\/TH16-08-0620","article-title":"More than an anticoagulant: Do heparins have direct anti-inflammatory effects?","volume":"117","author":"T J Poterucha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-04-569111","article-title":"Coagulation factor XII in thrombosis and inflammation","volume":"131","author":"C Maas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02011","article-title":"Roles of factor XII in innate immunity","volume":"10","author":"T Renn\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"222","key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222ra17","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006804","article-title":"A factor XIIa inhibitory antibody provides thromboprotection in extracorporeal circulation without increasing bleeding risk","volume":"6","author":"M Larsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4296","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-292094","article-title":"In vivo roles of factor XII","volume":"120","author":"T Renn\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14872","article-title":"Fibrinolytic abnormalities in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and versatility of thrombolytic drugs to treat COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"C S Whyte","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14828","article-title":"Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment for COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): A case series","volume":"18","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01898","article-title":"Meta-analysis of preclinical studies of fibrinolytic therapy for acute lung injury","volume":"9","author":"C Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480106700417","article-title":"Treatment of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a final report on a phase I study","volume":"67","author":"R M Hardaway","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2018.12.004","article-title":"Effects of antiplatelet therapy on the mortality rate of patients with sepsis: A meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Y Ouyang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019002783","article-title":"Acetylsalicylic acid inhibits intravascular coagulation during Staphylococcus aureus-induced sepsis in mice","volume":"135","author":"A Carestia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.04.008","article-title":"Potential therapeutic effects of dipyridamole in the severely ill patients with COVID-19","volume":"10","author":"X Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"}],"container-title":["TH Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0042-1744185.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T09:18:33Z","timestamp":1676020713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0042-1744185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-1744185","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2512-9465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2512-9465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}}}