{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T14:18:49Z","timestamp":1780150729781,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasolacrimal duct (NLD) damage is associated in the majority of type II and III naso-orbito-ethmoid (NOE) fractures.1 Our study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic NLD intubation in the setting of facial fractures, by comparing incidence of postoperative epiphora and wound infection. A retrospective matched control study was conducted on all patients with surgically treated facial fractures from 2008 to 2013 (n\u2009=\u2009280) (IRB ref number: DSRB 2013\/01198). Patients with the following fracture types were included: NOE (n\u2009=\u200916), frontal sinus (n\u2009=\u20092), Le Fort II\/III (n\u2009=\u20098), and\u2009&gt;\u20091 type (n\u2009=\u200948). All patients in this study were included with the intention to treat. The study group comprised patients who were intubated, while the control group patients were not intubated. Each group had 37 patients matched for age, gender, fracture type, and injury type. A single oculoplastic surgeon skilled in lacrimal surgery performed the procedure for all intubated patients. Patients with more severe and complex facial fractures were intubated with bicanalicular Crawford stents. Postoperative epiphora and infective complications (both facial wound and dacryocystitis) were assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. There was no significant difference in incidence of either postoperative epiphora (p\u2009=\u20090.152) or wound infection (p\u2009=\u20090.556) comparing both groups. Reduced incidence of postoperative epiphora in the study group is statistically not significant and does not support the need for prophylactic intubation. If radiographic evidence of NLD disruption or regurgitation seen on syringing on the NLD intraoperatively is present, intubation is safe and efficacious only if performed by an expert.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1744407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T23:59:01Z","timestamp":1649289541000},"page":"195-199","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prophylactic Intraoperative Nasolacrimal Duct Intubation in Surgical Treatment of Facial Fractures\u2014Is There a Role?"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Ryan Liang Wei","family":"Teoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei Yuan","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elijah Zhengyang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan Lin","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen Chor Hoong","family":"Hing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han Jing","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vigneswaran","family":"Nallathamby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei Chen","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gangadhara","family":"Sundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oculoplastic Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiam Chye","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199105000-00005","article-title":"Management of the medial canthal tendon in nasoethmoid orbital fractures: the importance of the central fragment in classification and treatment","volume":"87","author":"B L Markowitz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.158.6.1590134","article-title":"Fractures of the nasolacrimal fossa and canal: a CT study of appearance, associated injuries, and significance in 25 patients","volume":"158","author":"J M Unger","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J 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