{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T14:18:50Z","timestamp":1772720330041,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Academy of Audiology","issue":"5","funder":[{"name":"Student investigator research grant in hearing"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003571","name":"American Academy of Audiology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003571","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["j am acad audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold>  <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\u2003Upward shift in the air conducted (AC) frequency tuning of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) as an effect of aging is hypothesized to be due to the microstructural stiffening changes in the inner ear. However, with an AC stimulus,\n it may be possible that the shift in the frequency tuning of VEMPs as an effect of aging may also be due to contributions from the middle ear. <jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>\u2003The main aim of this study was to examine the effects of age on the frequency tuning of the cervical VEMP (cVEMP) and ocular\n VEMP (oVEMP) and determine the role of middle ear transmission characteristics in shaping these effects. <jats:bold>Research Design<\/jats:bold>\u2003Standard group comparison. <jats:bold>Study Sample<\/jats:bold>\u2003One-hundred seven participants divided in three groups: young adult, middle-age, and older adults\n with \u201cnormal\u201d middle ear and negative history of neurological or vestibular complaints. <jats:bold>Data Collection and Analyses<\/jats:bold>\u2003Middle ear measures included static admittance and middle ear resonant frequency. cVEMP and oVEMPs were elicited with AC tone bursts at 500, 750,\n and 1,000\u2009Hz. <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2003No significant effect of age was observed on any of the middle ear measures. There was a significant effect of age on the amplitude of the cVEMP, but this effect was frequency specific. The age-related reduction in cVEMP corrected amplitude was\n only observed when the eliciting stimulus was 500 or 750\u2009Hz, with no significant effect observed with a 1,000\u2009Hz stimulus. For the oVEMP, the effects of age were apparent at all stimulus frequencies. We also observed a general upward shift in the frequency tuning of both the\n cVEMP and oVEMP for middle-age and older adults, with 750 and 1,000\u2009Hz yielding higher response rates and larger amplitudes among middle-aged and older adults. Measurements of middle ear did not significantly contribute to the observed findings. <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\u2003The upward\n shift in frequency tuning of VEMPs among middle age and older adults could be due to the changes in the vestibular system and not from the middle ear. These results support the use of different frequency stimuli (i.e., 750 or 1,000\u2009Hz) to elicit a VEMP if a response is absent using\n a 500\u2009Hz stimulus, especially in patients over the age of 40.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1747910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T23:54:05Z","timestamp":1667865245000},"page":"259-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effects of Age and Middle Ear on the Frequency Tuning of the cVEMP and oVEMP"],"prefix":"10.3766","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Raghav Hira","family":"Jha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin G.","family":"Piker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2087","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488009131716","article-title":"Quantitative study of human Scarpa's ganglion and vestibular sensory epithelia","volume":"90","author":"E Richter","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894001090S503","article-title":"Temporal bone studies of the human peripheral vestibular system. 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