{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:28:41Z","timestamp":1790882921154,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"09","funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health of Ukraine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003Preterm delivery with the admission of a child in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is extremely challenging for parents. Being separated from the baby and seeing her infant feeling pain and being sick together with the complexity of the NICU environment, the mother experiences great anxiety, fear, and stress. The purpose of the study was to assess NICU-related stress and to identify maternal and infant factors associated with increased stress in mothers of preterm infants.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003The maternal stress level was assessed in 122 mothers of preterm infants using the Parental Stressor Scale: NICU (PSS: NICU) in which items were distributed in three subscales as follows: Sights and Sounds of NICU\u2014subscale 1 (S1), Infant Appearance and Behavior\u2014S2, and Parental Role Alteration\u2014S3.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003Maternal total PSS: NICU score was 3.46\u2009\u00b1\u20090.71. Parenteral Role Alteration was the most stressful (4.20\u2009\u00b1\u20090.79) followed by Infant Appearance and Behavior (3.51\u2009\u00b1\u20090.91) and Sights and Sounds subscale (2.28\u2009\u00b1\u20090.95); p\n            (S1\u2013S2)\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, p\n            (S1\u2013S3)\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, and p\n            (S2\u2013S3)\u2009&lt;\u20090.001. Total PSS: NICU and Infant Appearance and Behavior scores correlated positively with maternal age (r\u2009=\u20090.189; p\u2009=\u20090.040 and r\u2009=\u20090.204; p\u2009=\u20090.027, respectively) and duration of NICU treatment (r\u2009=\u20090.188; p\u2009=\u20090.044 and r\u2009=\u20090.190; p\u2009=\u20090.042). More visits in NICU by a mother were associated with a lower PSS: NICU score (p\u2009=\u20090.049) and neonatal seizures and invasive ventilation in infants were associated with higher stress scores (p\u2009=\u20090.007 and p\u2009=\u20090.042).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003Mothers of preterm infants admitted in the NICU experience significant stress which is correlated with maternal age and NICU treatment duration and is associated with frequency of NICU visits, presence of neonatal seizures, and need for ventilator support. Parental role alteration is the greatest stressor followed by Infant Appearance and Behavior and NICU-surrounding stressor factors which show the need for interventions and counseling focused on mothers' role, their involvement in infant's care, and thus, family-centered care implementation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1747942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,27]],"date-time":"2022-08-27T22:33:46Z","timestamp":1661639626000},"page":"1155-1162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Maternal Stress Experience in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit after Preterm Delivery"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"\u041dalyna","family":"Pavlyshyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics No 2, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4206-0995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iryna","family":"Sarapuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics No 2, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uliana","family":"Saturska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics No 2, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20190145","DOI":"10.1590\/1983-1447.2020.20190145","article-title":"Stress experienced by mothers of preterm newborns in a neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"41","author":"G F Fr\u00f3es","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Gaucha Enferm"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-3291.ijcp20164596","article-title":"Parent stress in neonatal intensive care unit: an unattended aspect in medical care","volume":"4","author":"R Agrawal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Contemp Pediatrics"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.942626","article-title":"Stress levels and depressive symptoms in NICU mothers in the early postpartum period","volume":"27","author":"A Alkozei","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30039-7","article-title":"Effectiveness of family integrated care in neonatal intensive care units on infant and parent outcomes: a multicentre, multinational, cluster-randomised controlled trial","volume":"2","author":"K O'Brien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref5","first-page":"303","article-title":"Stress in parents of very low birth weight preterm infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units. A multicenter study","volume":"113","author":"F Wormald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Argent Pediatr"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.12.009","article-title":"Associations between parental psychological well-being and socio-emotional development in 5-year-old preterm children","volume":"90","author":"M Huhtala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/02646838.2019.1659940","article-title":"Evaluating the effect of family integrated care on maternal stress and anxiety in neonatal intensive care units","volume":"39","author":"C Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Reprod Infant Psychol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2013715","article-title":"Parents' responses to stress in the neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"33","author":"M Busse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurse"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041298","article-title":"Evaluation of mother's stress during hospitalization can influence the breastfeeding rate","volume":"17","author":"S Foligno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423619000021","article-title":"Stress and feelings in mothers and fathers in NICU: identifying risk factors for early interventions","volume":"20","author":"C Ionio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prim Health Care Res Dev"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2016.04.001","article-title":"Parenting very preterm infants and stress in neonatal intensive care units","volume":"101","author":"I Ba\u00eda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-199305000-00005","article-title":"Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit","volume":"42","author":"M S Miles","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/89769","article-title":"Polish version of the Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit","volume":"26","author":"A Aftyka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2014.08.005","article-title":"Maternally administered interventions for preterm infants in the NICU: effects on maternal psychological distress and mother-infant relationship","volume":"37","author":"D Holditch-Davis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infant Behav Dev"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.10.020","article-title":"Close Collaboration with Parents intervention to improve parents' psychological well-being and child development: description of the intervention and study protocol","volume":"325","author":"S Ahlqvist-Bj\u00f6rkroth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2017.12.008","article-title":"Parent participation in the neonatal intensive care unit: predictors and relationships to neurobehavior and developmental outcomes","volume":"117","author":"R Pineda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_415_18","article-title":"The level and sources of stress in mothers of infants admitted in neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"41","author":"J R Varma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref18","first-page":"54","article-title":"Factors influencing stress among mothers of preterm infant hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"27","author":"P Amsri","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Faculty of Nursing Burapha University."},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"262","volume-title":"Transition to Parenthood: How Infants Change Families","author":"R LaRossa","year":"1981"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02440.x","article-title":"Measuring maternal stress and perceived support in 25 Italian NICUs","volume":"101","author":"R Montirosso","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-012-0921-7","article-title":"NICU admissions and maternal stress levels","volume":"80","author":"N Chourasia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2015.04.001","article-title":"The assessment of parental stress and support in the neonatal intensive care unit using the parent stress scale - neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"28","author":"M Turner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00439","article-title":"Parental stress experience and age of mothers and fathers after preterm birth and admission of their neonate to neonatal intensive care unit; a prospective observational pilot study","volume":"7","author":"E Pichler-Stachl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnn.2018.05.005","article-title":"Parental stress in the neonate intensive care unit and its association with parental and infant characteristics","volume":"24","author":"M M Kawafha","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neonatal Nurs"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2014.43","article-title":"Very preterm birth: maternal experiences of the neonatal intensive care environment","volume":"34","author":"L J Woodward","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnn.2014.09.007","article-title":"The Fathers' Support Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (FSS: NICU): development and initial content validation","volume":"21","author":"P Mahon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neonatal Nurs"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12227","article-title":"Differences in parents', nurses' and physicians' views of NICU parent support","volume":"102","author":"L S Franck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/JPN.0000000000000273","article-title":"The perinatal-neonatal care journey for parents of preterm infants: what is working and what can be improved","volume":"31","author":"L S Franck","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Perinat Neonatal Nurs"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2014.0097","article-title":"Human milk and breastfeeding in surgical infants","volume":"9","author":"G Salvatori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-017-0140-y","article-title":"Predictors and barriers to breastfeeding in north of Jordan: could we do better?","volume":"12","author":"W Khasawneh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Breastfeed J"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2014.12.004","article-title":"Healthy late preterm infants and supplementary artificial milk feeds: effects on breast feeding and associated clinical parameters","volume":"31","author":"E Mattsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-015-3783-1","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of natural and emotional stress of labor on lactation and breast-feeding","volume":"293","author":"M Dimitraki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1891\/1058-1243.24.3.145","article-title":"Executive summary of hormonal physiology of childbearing: evidence and implications for women, babies, and maternity care","volume":"24","author":"S J Buckley","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Perinat Educ"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12058","article-title":"Mothers are not fathers: differences between parents in the reduction of stress levels after a parental intervention in a NICU","volume":"102","author":"S Matricardi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0042-1747942.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T16:43:21Z","timestamp":1730825001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0042-1747942"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,27]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"09","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-1747942","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1631","1098-8785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1631","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,27]]}}}