{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T09:42:46Z","timestamp":1783762966275,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n Objective\u2003The aim of this study was to describe the arthroscopic changes to the caudal cruciate ligament (CdCL) in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease.<\/jats:p>\n Study Design\u2003Arthroscopic video recordings (n\u2009=\u2009117) of the stifle with cranial cruciate ligament disease were reviewed. The extent of CdCL tearing was described. Signalment, palpable stifle stability and the presence of a meniscal tear were recorded. Pathology of the synovial joint and the synovium overlying the CdCL were scored at two time points.<\/jats:p>\n Two-way interactions were investigated (p\u2009<\u20090.05). Univariate analysis and a Wald test (p\u2009<\u20090.20) were performed. Factors were retained with a Wald test p\u2009<\u20090.05 or if a confounder, then a changing model coefficient >15%. A weighted kappa statistic was used to evaluate intraobserver agreement.<\/jats:p>\n Results\u2003Caudal cruciate ligament tearing was identified in 94% of stifles. Longitudinal tearing (76%) was the most common type of damage (45% partial, 31% full thickness). Synovitis was present in all joints and changes to the synovium overlying the CdCL were less frequently identified (67%).<\/jats:p>\n Synovitis was associated with the degree to CdCL tearing. Synovitis overlying the CdCL was associated with lower body weight and lower CdCL damage.<\/jats:p>\n Conclusion\u2003Caudal cruciate ligament damage is common in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease and longitudinal tearing was the most common injury identified. Severity of joint pouch synovitis was positively correlated with the degree of CdCL damage and the portion of the CdCL not exposed to the synovium was unaffected. These findings suggest synovitis is likely a contributor to CdCL injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1748858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T18:40:40Z","timestamp":1655923240000},"page":"263-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Arthroscopic Caudal Cruciate Ligament Damage in Canine Stifles with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Agnello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy Cimino","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, Indiana, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel G.","family":"Zyla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1633097","article-title":"Incidence of canine appendicular musculoskeletal disorders in 16 veterinary teaching hospital from 1980 to 1989","volume":"7","author":"J A Johnson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13277","article-title":"Extended long-term radiographic and functional comparison of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy vs tibial tuberosity advancement for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in the dog","volume":"49","author":"E V Moore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1719064","article-title":"Arthroscopic articular cartilage scores of the canine stifle joint with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament disease","volume":"34","author":"K A Agnello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"255","volume-title":"Why does the patient with OA hurt?","author":"N Halder","year":"1998","edition":"2nd edition"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00738.x","article-title":"Caudal cruciate ligament damage in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture","volume":"39","author":"J P Sumner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2002.34659","article-title":"The effect of cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency on caudal cruciate ligament morphology: an experimental study in dogs","volume":"31","author":"T A Zachos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Arthroscopy assisted surgery of the stifle joint","author":"W O Whitney","year":"2003"},{"issue":"S 03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.04.017","article-title":"The OARSI histopathology initiative - recommendations for histological assessments of osteoarthritis in the dog","volume":"18","author":"J L Cook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"J R Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00442.x","article-title":"Comparison of arthroscopy and arthrotomy for diagnosis of medial meniscal pathology: an ex vivo study","volume":"37","author":"A Pozzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-11-10-0153","article-title":"Detection of meniscal tears by arthroscopy and arthrotomy in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture: a retrospective, cohort study","volume":"26","author":"R Plesman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2010.09.007","article-title":"In vitro effect of different mediators of apoptosis on canine cranial and caudal cruciate ligament fibroblasts and its reversibility by pancaspase inhibitor zVAD.fmk","volume":"139","author":"S Forterre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961080-00013","article-title":"Microvasculature of the cruciate ligaments and its response to injury. An experimental study in dogs","volume":"61","author":"S P Arnoczky","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102.13.280","article-title":"Morphology, histology and functional anatomy of the canine cranial cruciate ligament","volume":"102","author":"L E Heffron","year":"1978","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1985.46.09.1842","article-title":"Correlative biomechanical and histologic study of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs","volume":"46","author":"P B Vasseur","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1678550","article-title":"Observer variability of arthroscopic cartilage grading using the modified outerbridge classification system in the dog","volume":"32","author":"M D Deweese","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1726085","article-title":"Functional anatomy of the craniolateral and caudomedial bundles of the caudal cruciate ligament in Beagle dogs","volume":"34","author":"K Tanegashima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0042-1748858.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T19:39:50Z","timestamp":1764099590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0042-1748858"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-1748858","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0814","2567-6911"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0814","type":"print"},{"value":"2567-6911","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]}}}