{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T03:12:17Z","timestamp":1777345937302,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Objective\u2003The goal of this study was to generate mandibular fractures in three regions of the diastema using a metal impactor to simulate a kick from a horse and to determine the mean deceleration in the initial phase of the impact event, the maximum contact force, the impact energy necessary to create a fracture and the duration of the impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Study Design\u2003Thirty heads of horses aged between 5 and 20 years and euthanatized for various reasons were used. The heads were attached to a steel bar at the occiput at an axial angle of 45\u2009degrees so that the body of the mandible was positioned horizontally and directly under the trajectory of the impactor. A 2\u2009kg solid impactor was dropped with velocities of 6 to 14 m\/s to simulate a kick from a horse. The impact was recorded using a high-speed video camera with a frame rate of 30,000 frames per second. Radiographs of the heads were obtained before and after the simulated kick.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results\u2003Mandibular fractures with configurations similar to those seen in clinical practice were generated at all three locations. The mean deceleration increased with impact velocity and with more cranially located impact positions. Absorbed energy increased with increasing impact velocity when no fracture was generated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion\u2003The susceptibility to experimental fracture of the diastema increased from rostral to caudal locations, which is most probably caused by decreasing mandibular bone strength and an increase in the curvature at the lateroventral aspect of the mandible in that region. Physical parameters depended on fracture occurrence and type.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1748878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T19:06:42Z","timestamp":1657912002000},"page":"255-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Simulated Kick Injury to the Mandible in Horses: Study of Fracture Configurations and Physical Parameters of the Impact"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Levin","family":"Gfrerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Department, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3337-2420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvain","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Systems Engineering Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, D\u00fcbendorf, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anton E.","family":"F\u00fcrst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Department, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabor","family":"Piskoty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Systems Engineering Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, D\u00fcbendorf, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Weisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Systems Engineering Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, D\u00fcbendorf, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Montavon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Department of the Swiss Armed Forces, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2142-2942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle A.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Department, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"313","volume-title":"Fractures of the mandible and maxilla","author":"R M DeBowes","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM20100403","article-title":"\u00dcbersicht \u00fcber die aktuellen Therapiem\u00f6glichkeiten der Frakturen am Kopf des Pferdes (Sumary of current therapeutic measurements in head fractures of horses)","volume":"26","author":"A F\u00fcrst","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pferdeheilkunde"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Ursache von Frakturen bei den Pferden, die an die Pferdeklinik der Vetsuisse - 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