{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:49:55Z","timestamp":1793317795030,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"10","funder":[{"name":"Reform and Development Program of Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine","award":["ysrh2022012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ysrh2022012"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31770961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31770961"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thromb Haemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background\u2003The association between immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and thromboembolic events (TEEs) remains controversial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective\u2003The goal of this study was to assess the risk of major TEEs associated with ICIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods\u2003We explored ICI-related TEEs in randomized controlled trials available in ClinicalTrials.gov and electronic databases up to June 30, 2021. Meta-analysis was performed by using Peto odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results\u2003A total of 61 studies were included. Patients treated with ICIs had a similar risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) but a significantly increased risk of arterial thromboembolism (ATE) (Peto OR: 1.58 [95% CI: 1.21\u20132.06]) compared with non-ICI regimens. Stratified by different regimens, only PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1) inhibitors showed a significant increase in ATE (Peto OR: 2.07 [95% CI: 1.26\u20133.38]). The incidence of VTE was higher in PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitor and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4) inhibitor combination therapies compared with monotherapies (Peto OR: 2.23 [95% CI: 1.47\u20133.37]). Stratified by tumor, for pulmonary embolism (PE) and cerebral ATE, the statistically significant results were only seen in lung cancer patients (Peto OR: 1.42 [95% CI: 1.02\u20131.97]; Peto OR: 2.10 [1.07\u20134.12]), and for myocardial infarction, the statistically significant result was only seen in other tumor types (Peto OR: 2.66 [95% CI: 1.68\u20134.20], p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion\u2003There was no significant increase in the overall risk of VTE in patients treated with ICIs; however, special attention should be given to the risk of VTE in PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitor and CTLA-4 inhibitor combination therapy and PE in lung cancer patients. PD-L1 inhibitors were associated with a significant increase in ATE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1749185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T19:26:11Z","timestamp":1656617171000},"page":"1757-1766","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Risk of Thromboembolic Events in Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ximu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoling","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2379","article-title":"Prevalence and associations of VTE in patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer","volume":"146","author":"Y 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