{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T12:39:18Z","timestamp":1772109558355,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":34,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003In sphenoid sinuses with ill-defined carotid bony landmarks, accidental injury of the internal carotid artery (ICA) remains one of the most challenging complications, which is particularly reported in the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approaches (EETAs).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objectives\u2003To describe an anatomical model for the endoscopic orientation of the juxta-pituitary segment of the ICA in relation to the lateral opticocarotid recess (OCR) as a nearby bony landmark.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Dissection was performed progressively, simulating the EETA, in twenty fresh adult cadavers. After reducing the posterior and lateral walls of the sphenoid sinuses, various measurements were taken from both lateral OCRs to \u201ccontact points\u201d on the juxta-pituitary segment of the ICA and lateral margins of the pituitary gland.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The current results have enabled us to divide the region between the lateral OCRs into 3 compartments: 2 lateral parasellar compartments contain juxta-pituitary segments of the ICA with a mean width of 8\u2009mm and a narrow range from 7\u2009mm to 10\u2009mm; and a central intercarotid sellar compartment represents the safe region for bone drilling, showing widely variable widths ranging from 9\u2009mm to 20mm. In all specimens, the variation in the width of the intercarotid compartment correlated with the distance between both lateral OCRs.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003The present study improves surgeon awareness of the variations in the course of the ICA through the EETA along sphenoid sinuses with ill-defined bony landmarks. An appreciation of the measurements taken in the present study can help in operative training, and can also provide a base for future studies to confirm ICA courses associated with a higher risk of injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1749391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T22:37:01Z","timestamp":1691188621000},"page":"e455-e460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Endoscopic Orientation of Juxta-pituitary Carotid in Transsphenoidal Approaches: Critical Considerations for Clinical Applications"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5147-8798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Minia University Hospital, Minia University, Minia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohab","family":"Darwish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Minia University Hospital, Minia University, Minia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abd El Rahman El","family":"Tahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aswan University Hospital, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Islam R.","family":"Herzallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head & Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","first-page":"E2","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal surgery of the midline skull base: anatomical study and clinical considerations","volume":"19","author":"L M Cavallo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery Management of Pituitary Tumors","author":"P Cappabianca","year":"2003"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.95.6.1083","article-title":"The history and evolution of transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"95","author":"J K Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Historical aspects of the management of pituitary disorders with emphasis on transsphenoidal surgery. 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