{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T21:37:04Z","timestamp":1764106624889,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","funder":[{"name":"European College of Veterinary Surgeons"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Objective\u2003The aim of this study was to compare a 3-loop pulley (3LP) suture pattern with a 4-loop pulley (4LP) suture pattern for the tenorrhaphy of the canine gastrocnemius tendon<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Study Design\u2003Randomized, cadaveric, biomechanical study of 30 canine gastrocnemius tendons. Tendons were transected and repaired with either 3LP or 4LP suture pattern with 2\u20130 polypropylene. A tensile load was applied at 25\u2009mm\/min until construct failure. The load required to form a 1\u2009mm gap, 3\u2009mm gap and maximum load at failure was recorded and compared between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results\u2003The estimated mean load to form a 1\u2009mm gap for the 3LP and 4LP was 28.4\u2009N (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.0\u201332.6N) and 45.5\u2009N (95% CI: 40.7\u201350.1N) respectively. The 4LP mean load to form a 1\u2009mm gap was 17.1\u2009N (95% CI: 11.7\u201322.5N) greater than the 3LP. The estimated mean load to form a 3mm gap for the 3LP and 4LP was 39.7\u2009N (95% CI: 34.1\u201345.4N) and 55.0\u2009N (95% CI: 49.3\u201360.9N) respectively. The mean load to form a 3mm gap was 15.3\u2009N (95% CI: 8.5\u201321.9N) greater in the 4LP than the 3LP. The estimated mean load for failure in the 3LP and 4LP was 41.2\u2009N (95% CI: 35.6\u201346.9\u2009N) and 54.3\u2009N (95% CI: 48.7\u201360.3\u2009N) respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion\u2003A 4LP pattern was biomechanically superior to a 3LP pattern, as demonstrated by a greater load required to form both a 1 and 3\u2009mm gap and a greater load for failure<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical Significance\u2003A 4LP suture pattern better resists gap formation and requires greater load prior to construct failure compared with a 3LP, in this canine gastrocnemius model<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1749398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T19:24:46Z","timestamp":1656357886000},"page":"321-330","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biomechanical Comparison of a 3-Loop Pulley and a 4-Loop Pulley Suture for Tenorrhaphy in the Canine Gastrocnemius Tendon"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3225-0245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kadie L.","family":"O'Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, U-Vet Werribee Animal Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6075-913X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takanori","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animalius Vet, 6 Focal Way, Bayswater, Western Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dale","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, U-Vet Werribee Animal Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stewart D.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, U-Vet Werribee Animal Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"613","article-title":"Achilles tendon rupture in dogs","volume":"25","author":"M King","year":"2003","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"6","volume-title":"The skeletal and muscular systems","author":"H E Evans","year":"1996","edition":"4th edition"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1319","volume-title":"Veterinary Surgery Small Animal. 2nd edition. 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