{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T02:34:57Z","timestamp":1772850897107,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq Neuropsiquiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Background\u2003Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are the most common autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). They present chronic relapsing courses that demand treatment with disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) to prevent inflammatory activity. Disease-modifying drugs lead to immunomodulation or immunosuppression through diverse mechanisms (e.g., shifting lymphocyte and cytokine profile, suppressing specific lymphocyte subpopulations). Thus, patients are more prone to infectious complications and associated worsening of disease.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Objective\u2003To present feasible strategies for mitigating the infection risk of MS and NMOSD treated patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods\u2003Targeted literature review concerning the management of infection risk with an emphasis on vaccination, therapy-specific measures, and particularities of the Brazilian endemic infectious diseases' scenario.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusion\u2003We propose a vaccination schedule, infectious screening routine, and prophylactic measures based on the current scientific evidence. Awareness of emergent tropical diseases is necessary due to evidence of demyelinating events and possible parainfectious cases of MS and NMOSD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1754348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T22:41:20Z","timestamp":1664923280000},"page":"1057-1066","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Reducing infection risk in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a Brazilian reference center's approach"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1657-6891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Beatriz Ayroza Galv\u00e3o Ribeiro","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Divis\u00e3o de Neurologia,, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4679-9765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Bueno","family":"Feo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Divis\u00e3o de Neurologia,, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9764-3763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme Diogo","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Divis\u00e3o de Neurologia,, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7568-0897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caio C\u00e9sar Diniz","family":"Disserol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Divis\u00e3o de Neurologia,, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3548-8467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Barbosa","family":"Paolilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Divis\u00e3o de Neurologia,, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4294-0282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Nazareth","family":"Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Divis\u00e3o de Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas e Parasit\u00e1rias, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1038-8796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana Coracini","family":"Ton\u00e1cio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Divis\u00e3o de Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas e Parasit\u00e1rias, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3983-6019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Fernanda","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Divis\u00e3o de Neurologia,, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00eddicas, Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo, Divis\u00e3o de Neurologia, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, 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