{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T10:52:32Z","timestamp":1745491952842,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"07","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":90,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq Neuropsiquiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Background\u2003Multiple sclerosis (MS) is usually described as an autoimmune disease, although the exact mechanism of the disease remains unknown. There have been studies reporting that venous flow abnormalities may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS or many of the associated clinical manifestations.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Objective\u2003The aim of this study was to evaluate flow volumes of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), transverse sinus (TS), and cerebral aqueduct using phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) in relapsing-remitting MS patients and a control group.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods\u2003We included 34 patients diagnosed by the McDonald criteria, revised in 2017, as well as 15 healthy controls matched by age and sex. The MRI scans were performed using a 1.5-T superconducting scanner. Axial T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and PC-MRI sequences were performed for the quantitative investigation of flow volume measurements. Quantitative analyses of flows were performed using flow analyses program PC-MRI angiography software. A circular region of interest was placed manually into the cerebral aqueduct, bilateral MCA, and TS.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results\u2003Flow volumes of the cerebral aqueduct and MCA were not statistically significant between the MS and control groups. The flow volumes of the TS for the patient group were lower than those of the control group, and this difference was statistically significant.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions\u2003A reduced TS flow volume in MS patients was noted in the present study when compared with the control group, suggesting a relation between venous pathologies and MS. Further studies are needed to understand whether this relation is causal or epiphenomenal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1755276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T22:30:24Z","timestamp":1664490624000},"page":"706-711","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Flow volume measurement of arterial venous and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1857-4606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serpil","family":"Aglamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Elazig, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3718-9519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"G\u00f6nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Elazig, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61620-7","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"372","author":"A Compston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70094-6","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: risk factors, prodromes, and potential causal pathways","volume":"9","author":"S V Ramagopalan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200006)47:6<707::AID-ANA3>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination","volume":"47","author":"C Lucchinetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.157164","article-title":"Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"80","author":"P Zamboni","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref5","first-page":"215","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics in patients with multiple sclerosis: a phase contrast magnetic resonance study","volume":"26","author":"Y Gorucu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Funct Neurol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2012.01671.x","article-title":"Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and venous stenoses in multiple sclerosis","volume":"126","author":"M Blinkenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318212a901","article-title":"Prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in MS","volume":"77","author":"R Zivadinov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22085","article-title":"No cerebrocervical venous congestion in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"68","author":"F Doepp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.231613","article-title":"The perfect crime? CCSVI not leaving a trace in MS","volume":"82","author":"C A Mayer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.11.027","article-title":"The value of cerebral Doppler venous haemodynamics in the assessment of multiple sclerosis","volume":"282","author":"P Zamboni","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2010.06.017","article-title":"Disruption of central nervous system barriers in multiple sclerosis","volume":"1812","author":"J I Alvarez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22230","article-title":"A Gradient of neuronal loss and meningeal inflammation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"68","author":"R Magliozzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jnen.0000235119.52311.16","article-title":"Dysferlin is a new marker for leaky brain blood vessels in multiple sclerosis","volume":"65","author":"S Hochmeister","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561458","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.561458","article-title":"An Overview of Venous Abnormalities Related to the Development of Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"E M Haacke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2013.02.004","article-title":"Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency is unlikely to be a direct trigger of multiple sclerosis","volume":"2","author":"M Simka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512445943","article-title":"No association between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"M P Amato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033671","article-title":"Ligation of the jugular veins does not result in brain inflammation or demyelination in mice","volume":"7","author":"W Atkinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1203","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.111074","article-title":"Association between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"183","author":"A Laupacis","year":"2011","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-013-0833-6","article-title":"A swan song for CCSVI","volume":"37","author":"J Reekers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61747-X","article-title":"Prevalence of extracranial venous narrowing on catheter venography in people with multiple sclerosis, their siblings, and unrelated healthy controls: a blinded, case-control study","volume":"383","author":"A L Traboulsee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.3744","article-title":"Cardiovascular applications of phase-contrast MRI","volume":"192","author":"M B Srichai","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref22","first-page":"481","article-title":"Dural sinus occlusion: evaluation with phase-sensitive gradient-echo MR imaging","volume":"12","author":"J S Tsuruda","year":"1991","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.15.2.7761648","article-title":"The AAPM\/RSNA physics tutorial for residents. An introduction to MR angiography","volume":"15","author":"D Saloner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-198609000-00001","article-title":"Blood flow imaging by cine magnetic resonance","volume":"10","author":"G L Nayler","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref25","first-page":"467","article-title":"Ultrastructural studies of perivascular cuffing cells in multiple sclerosis brain","volume":"81","author":"R Tanaka","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref26","first-page":"1539","article-title":"Dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MR imaging of multiple sclerosis lesions: characterizing hemodynamic impairment and inflammatory activity","volume":"26","author":"Y Ge","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(77)80012-2","article-title":"The secretion of cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"25","author":"M B Segal","year":"1977","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"year":"2010","author":"H Gray","key":"ref28"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2001.0761","article-title":"SPAMM, cine phase contrast imaging and fast spin-echo T2-weighted imaging in the study of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow","volume":"56","author":"S E Connor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1177\/028418519403500204","article-title":"Phase-contrast cine MR imaging of normal aqueductal CSF flow. Effect of aging and relation to CSF void on modulus MR","volume":"35","author":"F Barkhof","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref31","first-page":"1043","article-title":"[Quantification of fluid flow in magnetic resonance tomography: an experimental study of a flow model and liquid flow measurements in the cerebral aqueduct in volunteers]","volume":"172","author":"G Brinkmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"R\u00f6fo Fortschr Geb R\u00f6ntgenstr Nuklearmed"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref32","first-page":"133","article-title":"The severity of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in patients with multiple sclerosis is related to altered cerebrospinal fluid dynamics","volume":"24","author":"P Zamboni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Funct Neurol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22132","article-title":"Venous and cerebrospinal fluid flow in multiple sclerosis: a case-control study","volume":"68","author":"P Sundstr\u00f6m","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24468","article-title":"Aqueductal cerebrospinal fluid pulsatility in healthy individuals is affected by impaired cerebral venous outflow","volume":"40","author":"C B Beggs","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1935.02250170015002","article-title":"Studies in multiple sclerosis: IV: \u201cencephalitis\u201d and sclerotic plaques produced by venular obstruction","volume":"33","author":"T J Putnam","year":"1935","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1947.02300240017001","article-title":"Results of treatment of multiple sclerosis with dicoumarin","volume":"57","author":"J Tracy","year":"1947","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2013.11.013","article-title":"MR venography in children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis does not show increased prevalence of extracranial veins anomalies","volume":"18","author":"E Jurkiewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3097","article-title":"Extracranial venous drainage patterns in patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls","volume":"33","author":"R A McTaggart","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e111486","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111486","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evaluation of cerebral arterial and venous haemodynamics in multiple sclerosis: a case-control study","volume":"9","author":"P Marchione","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-11-132","article-title":"Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis: clinical correlates from a multicentre study","volume":"11","author":"S Bastianello","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"}],"container-title":["Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0042-1755276.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T04:26:37Z","timestamp":1701145597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0042-1755276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"07","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-1755276","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-282X","1678-4227"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0004-282X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1678-4227"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}}}