{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:34:04Z","timestamp":1791639244068,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Federa\u00e7\u00e3o das Associa\u00e7\u00f5es de Ginecologia e Obstetr\u00edcia","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":59,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003Different drugs are used to treat mastalgia, such as danazol and bromocriptine, and both are associated with side effects, due to which most of women and healthcare providers are interested in herbal medicines. Therefore we aim to study the effectiveness of phytoestrogens on the severity of cyclic mastalgia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003To carry out the present study, English electronic resources such as the Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed were used systematically and with no time limitation up to February 10, 2020.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003In total, 20 studies were included in the present meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that herbal medicines versus the control group (standard mean difference [SMD]\u2009=\u2009- 0.585; 95% confidence interval [CI]: - 0.728\u2013- 0.44; heterogeneity; p\u2009=\u20090.02; I2\u2009=\u200942%), herbal medicines versus the B group (SMD\u2009=\u2009- 0.59; 95%CI: - 0.75\u2013- 0.44; heterogeneity; p\u2009=\u20090.03; I2\u2009=\u200942%), and its subgroups, such as phytoestrogen (SMD\u2009=\u2009- 0.691; 95%CI: - 0.82\u2013- 0.55; heterogeneity; p\u2009=\u20090.669; I2\u2009=\u20090%), Vitex-agnus-castus (SMD\u2009=\u2009- 0.642; 95%CI: - 0.84\u2013- 0.44; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; p\u2009=\u2009203; I2\u2009=\u200932%), flaxseed (SMD\u2009=\u2009- 0.63; 95%CI: - 0.901\u2013- 0.367; p\u2009=\u20090.871; I2\u2009=\u20090%), and evening primrose (SMD= - 0.485; 95%CI:- 0.84\u2013- 0.12; p\u2009=\u20090.008; heterogeneity; p\u2009=\u20090.06; I2\u2009=\u200956%] may have effective and helpful effects on improving cyclic breast mastalgia. Also, chamomile, isoflavone, cinnamon, and nigella sativa significantly reduced mastalgia symptoms.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Herbal medicines and their subgroups may have effective and helpful effects on improving cyclic breast mastalgia. The findings of our meta-analysis must be done cautiously because low methodological quality in some evaluated studies of this systematic review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1755456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T02:04:32Z","timestamp":1669773872000},"page":"972-985","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Effectiveness of Herbal Medicines on Cyclic Mastalgia: A Systematic Review on Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.61622","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1114-0813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Firoozeh","family":"Mirzaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7497-4180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzaneh Rashidi","family":"Fakari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6128-8023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoudeh","family":"Babakhanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1749-4743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasibeh","family":"Roozbeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4639-3711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masumeh","family":"Ghazanfarpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"47794","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1071\/HC18026","article-title":"Clinical management of idiopathic mastalgia: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"S P Hafiz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Prim Health Care"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2015.12.009","article-title":"Effects of Vitex agnus and Flaxseed on cyclic mastalgia: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"M 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