{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T18:20:05Z","timestamp":1769019605126,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":171,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Respir Crit Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cystic lung diseases (CLD) are characterized by the presence of multiple, thin-walled, air-filled spaces in the pulmonary parenchyma. Cyst formation may occur with congenital, autoimmune, inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic processes. Recognition of cyst mimics such as emphysema and bronchiectasis is important to prevent diagnostic confusion and unnecessary evaluation. Chest CT can be diagnostic or may guide the workup based on cyst number, distribution, morphology, and associated lung, and extrapulmonary findings. Diffuse CLD (DCLDs) are often considered those presenting with 10 or more cysts. The more commonly encountered DCLDs include lymphangioleiomyomatosis, pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, Birt\u2013Hogg\u2013Dub\u00e9 syndrome, and amyloidosis\/light chain deposition disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1755565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T23:06:23Z","timestamp":1666047983000},"page":"792-808","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High-Resolution Computed Tomography of Cystic Lung Disease"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Joanna E.","family":"Kusmirek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristopher A.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4420","article-title":"Diffuse cystic lung disease at high-resolution CT","volume":"196","author":"D M Seaman","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.4132\/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.5.407","article-title":"Pathologic review of cystic and cavitary lung diseases","volume":"46","author":"N R Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean J Pathol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201606-459OC","article-title":"Chest computed tomographic image screening for cystic lung diseases in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax is cost effective","volume":"14","author":"N Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00570-2015","article-title":"Accuracy of chest high-resolution computed tomography in diagnosing diffuse cystic lung diseases","volume":"46","author":"N Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201607-1384ST","article-title":"Official American Thoracic Society\/Japanese Respiratory Society Clinical Practice Guidelines: lymphangioleiomyomatosis diagnosis and management","volume":"194","author":"F X McCormack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.243045005","article-title":"From the archives of the AFIP: pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis","volume":"24","author":"G F Abbott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2075-9","article-title":"Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in adults: high-resolution CT-pathology comparisons and evolutional changes at CT","volume":"21","author":"H J Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.177.3.1770501","article-title":"High-resolution CT of the lungs","volume":"177","author":"E A Kazerooni","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190097","DOI":"10.1148\/ryct.2020190097","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of cystic lung diseases by use of paired inspiratory and expiratory CT: estimation of the extent of cyst-airway communication and evaluation of diagnostic utility","volume":"2","author":"K Suzuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200100","DOI":"10.1148\/ryct.2020200100","article-title":"Is the cyst-airway communicating index a possible tool to differentiate cystic lung diseases?","volume":"2","author":"J H Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.255055044","article-title":"Informatics in radiology (infoRAD): introduction to the language of three-dimensional imaging with multidetector CT","volume":"25","author":"N C Dalrymple","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-010-0050-7","article-title":"A practical approach to cystic lung disease on HRCT","volume":"2","author":"P Beddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.22.5.g02se041255","article-title":"AAPM\/RSNA physics tutorial for residents: topics in CT. Image processing in CT","volume":"22","author":"D D Cody","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.256055037","article-title":"Multi-detector row CT and postprocessing techniques in the assessment of diffuse lung disease","volume":"25","author":"C Beigelman-Aubry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrnm.2016.11.009","article-title":"Multi-detector CT (MDCT) evaluation in interstitial lung disease (ILD): comparison of MinIP and volumetric high resolution CT (HRCT) images","volume":"48","author":"Y Y Sabri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0210975","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210975","article-title":"Correlation between the native lung volume change and postoperative pulmonary function after single lung transplantation for lymphangioleiomyomatosis: evaluation of lung volume by three-dimensional computed tomography volumetry","volume":"14","author":"H Suzuki","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.01.004","article-title":"Use of CT imaging to quantify progression and response to treatment in lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"155","author":"V Gopalakrishnan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.09.007","article-title":"Chest CT scan at radiation dose of a posteroanterior and lateral chest radiograph series: a proof of principle in lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"155","author":"E Hu-Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1590\/s1806-37562016000000341","article-title":"Diffuse cystic lung diseases: differential diagnosis","volume":"43","author":"B G Baldi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.07117","article-title":"Diffuse cystic lung diseases","volume":"65","author":"B Obaidat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.180.3.1800827","article-title":"Chronic cystic lung disease: diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution CT in 92 patients","volume":"180","author":"M Koyama","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3502438","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3502438","article-title":"Pathologic and radiologic correlation of adult cystic lung disease: a comprehensive review","volume":"2017","author":"P Boddu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathol Res Int"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2012-201200","article-title":"Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome: clinicopathological features of the lung","volume":"66","author":"M Furuya","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200307000-00003","article-title":"Lung cysts in subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis","volume":"27","author":"T Franquet","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-210125","article-title":"Current understanding and management of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis","volume":"72","author":"R Vassallo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582581","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.582581","article-title":"Update on pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis","volume":"7","author":"E Radzikowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-014-0338-0","article-title":"Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis: the many faces of presentation at initial CT scan","volume":"5","author":"M C Castoldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-018-0155-1","article-title":"Pneumothorax in patients with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis","volume":"196","author":"E Radzikowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2013.10.005","article-title":"High-resolution computed tomography features of smoking-related interstitial lung disease","volume":"35","author":"A Nair","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-020-01495-5","article-title":"Childhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis with severe lung involvement: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"15","author":"S Le Louet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.04.018","article-title":"Utility of spiral CAT scan in the follow-up of patients with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis","volume":"81","author":"M Abbritti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1159\/000106843","article-title":"Correlation between high-resolution computed tomography findings and lung function in pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis","volume":"74","author":"M Canuet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00210711","article-title":"Serial computed tomography and lung function testing in pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis","volume":"40","author":"A Tazi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"16996","article-title":"Pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and diabetes insipidus in a young smoker","author":"K Earlam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1899","article-title":"Abnormal fluorodeoxyglucose PET in pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis","volume":"135","author":"B J Krajicek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000000506","article-title":"Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis: PET\/CT for initial workup and treatment response evaluation","volume":"40","author":"N J Hansen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.5.1452","article-title":"Pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis: radiologic resolution following smoking cessation","volume":"115","author":"N Mogulkoc","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.05.046","article-title":"Pulmonary manifestations of GATA2 deficiency","volume":"160","author":"B E Marciano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-015-0006-2","article-title":"Diffuse parenchymal lung disease as first clinical manifestation of GATA-2 deficiency in childhood","volume":"15","author":"T Svobodova","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.52.4.333","article-title":"Serial computed tomographic evaluation in desquamative interstitial pneumonia","volume":"52","author":"M Akira","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.187.3.8497631","article-title":"Desquamative interstitial pneumonia: thin-section CT findings in 22 patients","volume":"187","author":"T E Hartman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.273065130","article-title":"What every radiologist should know about idiopathic interstitial pneumonias","volume":"27","author":"C Mueller-Mang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref44","first-page":"587","article-title":"Desquamative interstitial pneumonia: risk factors, laboratory and bronchoalveolar lavage findings, radiological and histopathological examination, clinical features, treatment and prognosis","volume":"17","author":"\u00d6E Diken","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.173.6.10584810","article-title":"Respiratory bronchiolitis, respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease, and desquamative interstitial pneumonia: different entities or part of the spectrum of the same disease process?","volume":"173","author":"L E Heyneman","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.253055006","article-title":"From the archives of the AFIP: lymphangioleiomyomatosis: radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"25","author":"G F Abbott","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200409-1298OC","article-title":"The NHLBI lymphangioleiomyomatosis registry: characteristics of 230 patients at enrollment","volume":"173","author":"J H Ryu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201807-1212CI","article-title":"The genetics of pneumothorax","volume":"199","author":"P M Boone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcr116","article-title":"Use of variability in national and regional data to estimate the prevalence of lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"104","author":"E C Harknett","year":"2011","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201411-2096CI","article-title":"Diffuse cystic lung disease. Part II","volume":"192","author":"N Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2421051767","article-title":"Sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis and tuberous sclerosis complex with lymphangioleiomyomatosis: comparison of CT features","volume":"242","author":"N A Avila","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2008.065342","article-title":"TSC1 and TSC2 mutations in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis and tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"46","author":"D A Muzykewicz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2813","article-title":"Lymphangioleiomyomatosis screening in women with tuberous sclerosis","volume":"144","author":"C J Cudzilo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.08.002","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis complex surveillance and management: recommendations of the 2012 International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Conference","volume":"49","author":"D A Krueger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2012.07.007","article-title":"Cystic lung disease is not uncommon in men with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"106","author":"J H Ryu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carj.2010.07.001","article-title":"Thoracic computed tomographic manifestations of tuberous sclerosis in adults","volume":"63","author":"A M Ajlan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85999-5","article-title":"Uncommon radiologic computed tomography appearances of the chest in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"11","author":"Y Sekimoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201709-1965ST","article-title":"Lymphangioleiomyomatosis diagnosis and management: high-resolution chest computed tomography, transbronchial lung biopsy, and pleural disease management. An official American Thoracic Society\/Japanese Respiratory Society Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"196","author":"N Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31638","article-title":"Pulmonary manifestations in tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"178","author":"N Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.3_supplement.01840s37","article-title":"Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia in tuberous sclerosis","volume":"184","author":"R L Ristagno","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-021-01905-2","article-title":"The etiology of diffuse cystic lung diseases: an analysis of 1010 consecutive cases in a LAM clinic","volume":"16","author":"H Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.02.027","article-title":"Smoking-related diffuse cystic lung disease","volume":"154","author":"N Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2014.12.008","article-title":"Computed tomographic features of lymphangioleiomyomatosis: evaluation in 138 patients","volume":"84","author":"K Tobino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.2.7842216","article-title":"Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a report of 46 patients including a clinicopathologic study of prognostic factors","volume":"151","author":"M Kitaichi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00021207","article-title":"Mediastinal angiomyolipomas in a male patient affected by tuberous sclerosis","volume":"31","author":"A Warth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2008.09.014","article-title":"Lung transplantation for lymphangioleiomyomatosis: the European experience","volume":"28","author":"C Benden","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2004.09.013","article-title":"The US experience with lung transplantation for pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"24","author":"J Kpodonu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.5500\/wjt.v6.i1.249","article-title":"Recurrence of lymphangioleiomyomatosis: nine years after a bilateral lung transplantation","volume":"6","author":"K S Zaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Transplant"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rti.0000213554.61752.73","article-title":"Diffuse lung cysts in lymphoid interstitial pneumonia: high-resolution CT and pathologic findings","volume":"21","author":"C I Silva","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1580691","article-title":"Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia and other benign lymphoid disorders","volume":"37","author":"A Arcadu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.337125107","article-title":"CT findings of thoracic manifestations of primary Sj\u00f6gren syndrome: radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"33","author":"R Egashira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/16420165","article-title":"The radiological spectrum of pulmonary lymphoproliferative disease","volume":"85","author":"S S Hare","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0b013e3181c1acec","article-title":"Lung disease related to collagen vascular disease","volume":"24","author":"D A Lynch","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199409000-00012","article-title":"Lung cyst formation in lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia: CT features","volume":"18","author":"Y Ichikawa","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1041","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation of 35 patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"115","author":"S C Chu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05236-8","article-title":"Characteristics of primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome related lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia","volume":"40","author":"X Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref77","first-page":"776","article-title":"Amyloidosis and lymphoproliferative disease in Sj\u00f6gren syndrome: thin-section computed tomography findings and histopathologic comparisons","volume":"28","author":"Y J Jeong","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2011.12.006","article-title":"Cystic amyloidosis or lymphoid interstitial pneumonia associated with amyloidosis? A diagnostic challenge","volume":"94","author":"E Marchiori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2011.07.063","article-title":"Multiple cystic pulmonary amyloidosis","volume":"92","author":"M Sakai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2013062","article-title":"Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis with unusual, widespread lung cysts","volume":"54","author":"K M Chew","year":"2013","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.51.6242","article-title":"Pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome showing only the LIP pattern radiologically","volume":"51","author":"Y Watanabe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/00005382-199707000-00009","article-title":"Benign pulmonary lymphocytic infiltration and amyloidosis: computed tomographic and pathologic features in three cases","volume":"12","author":"S R Desai","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rti.0000154074.29194.09","article-title":"Imaging appearance of thoracic amyloidosis","volume":"20","author":"A C Aylwin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-4-199602150-00004","article-title":"Pulmonary amyloidosis. The Mayo Clinic experience from 1980 to 1993","volume":"124","author":"J P Utz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref85","first-page":"200","volume-title":"WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues","author":"R McKenna","year":"2008"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2015.01.002","article-title":"Pulmonary light-chain deposition disease: CT and pathology findings in nine patients","volume":"70","author":"S Sheard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200510-1620CR","article-title":"Pulmonary cystic disorder related to light chain deposition disease","volume":"173","author":"M Colombat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-2708","article-title":"Pulmonary light chain deposition disease: a case series and literature review","volume":"8","author":"P Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.01.005","article-title":"Amyloid-associated cystic lung disease in primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"107","author":"M Baqir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2015-203342","article-title":"Nodular pulmonary light chain deposition disease: an entity associated with Sj\u00f6gren syndrome or marginal zone lymphoma","volume":"69","author":"A V Arrossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2016.04.010","article-title":"Birt-Hogg-Dub\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"37","author":"N Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-021-01931-0","article-title":"Novel folliculin gene mutations in Polish patients with Birt-Hogg-Dub\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"16","author":"E Radzikowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-017-0656-7","article-title":"Clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients with Birt-Hogg-Dub\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Y Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-020-01448-y","article-title":"Characterization of CT scans of patients with Birt-Hogg-Dub\u00e9 syndrome compared with those of Chinese patients with non-BHD diffuse cyst lung diseases","volume":"15","author":"W Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e424","DOI":"10.5114\/pjr.2019.89964","article-title":"Familial pneumothoraces - Birt-Hogg-Dub\u00e9 syndrome. Differentiation with other cystic lung diseases","volume":"84","author":"L Opoka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pol J Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200610-1483OC","article-title":"Lung cysts, spontaneous pneumothorax, and genetic associations in 89 families with Birt-Hogg-Dub\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"175","author":"J R Toro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0042","article-title":"Cystic lung disease in Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome","volume":"132","author":"D S Ayo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738822","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.738822","article-title":"Birt-Hogg-Dub\u00e9 syndrome and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome: an effective multidisciplinary approach to hereditary renal cancer predisposing syndromes","volume":"11","author":"M Al-Shinnag","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.463","article-title":"Renal cancer and pneumothorax risk in Birt-Hogg-Dub\u00e9 syndrome; an analysis of 115 FLCN mutation carriers from 35 BHD families","volume":"105","author":"A C Houweling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12368","article-title":"Characterization of pulmonary cysts in Birt-Hogg-Dub\u00e9 syndrome: histopathological and morphometric analysis of 229 pulmonary cysts from 50 unrelated patients","volume":"65","author":"T Kumasaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.09.004","article-title":"Characteristics of pulmonary cysts in Birt-Hogg-Dub\u00e9 syndrome: thin-section CT findings of the chest in 12 patients","volume":"77","author":"K Tobino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4757","article-title":"Thoracic CT findings in Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome","volume":"196","author":"P P Agarwal","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318237c599","article-title":"Diffuse cystic lung disease of unexplained cause with coexistent small airway disease: a possible causal relationship?","volume":"36","author":"C Rowan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2020.01.006","article-title":"Diffuse cystic lung disease as the primary tomographic manifestation of bronchiolitis: a case series","volume":"26","author":"M R de Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pulmonology"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref105","first-page":"00017","article-title":"Analysis of pulmonary features and treatment approaches in the COPA syndrome","volume":"4","author":"J L Tsui","year":"2018","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2018-105560","article-title":"Expanding the phenotype of COPA syndrome: a kindred with typical and atypical features","volume":"56","author":"A M Taveira-DaSilva","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2013.11.027","article-title":"Cystic lung disease: achieving a radiologic diagnosis","volume":"83","author":"B Trotman-Dickenson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-013-0269-z","article-title":"Diffuse cystic lung diseases","volume":"7","author":"J H Ryu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2512081242","article-title":"Lung morphology in the elderly: comparative CT study of subjects over 75 years old versus those under 55 years old","volume":"251","author":"S J Copley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-015-9700-3","article-title":"Aging of the lungs in asymptomatic lifelong nonsmokers: findings on HRCT","volume":"193","author":"D H Winter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207653","article-title":"Pulmonary cysts identified on chest CT: are they part of aging change or of clinical significance?","volume":"70","author":"T Araki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.08.001","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis complex diagnostic criteria update: recommendations of the 2012 International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Conference","volume":"49","author":"H Northrup","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1996.tb02724.x","article-title":"Respiratory complications of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV","volume":"50","author":"S B Dowton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147997","DOI":"10.1177\/14799731211025313","article-title":"A review of respiratory manifestations and their management in Ehlers-Danlos syndromes and hypermobility spectrum disorders","volume":"18","author":"K Chohan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chron Respir Dis"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00044006","article-title":"Neurofibromatosis-associated lung disease: a case series and literature review","volume":"29","author":"A C Zamora","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1325165","article-title":"Neurofibromatosis-associated diffuse lung disease: case report","volume":"33","author":"M Y Shino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref117","first-page":"152","article-title":"Neurofibromatosis type 1 with interstitial pulmonary lesions diagnosed in adult patient. A case study and literature review [in Polish]","volume":"80","author":"P Nalepa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pneumonol Alergol Pol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e238694","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-238694","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumothorax as a clinical manifestation of neurofibromatosis type 1","volume":"14","author":"T Lorentzen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.11.033","article-title":"HRCT findings in the lungs of non-smokers with neurofibromatosis","volume":"80","author":"A Oikonomou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(10)60069-1","article-title":"Pulmonary manifestations and management of proteus syndrome","volume":"109","author":"C Y Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0b013e31818b20cd","article-title":"Proteus syndrome: high-resolution CT and CT pulmonary densitovolumetry findings","volume":"24","author":"K L Irion","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86029-0","article-title":"Cardiothoracic imaging findings of Proteus syndrome","volume":"11","author":"S M Mirmomen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W48","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000358","article-title":"Cowden syndrome: a cause of pulmonary cysts","volume":"33","author":"A Parvinian","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20543","DOI":"10.1177\/2054358118778568","article-title":"End-stage kidney disease in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a 12-year study based on the Canadian Organ Replacement Registry","volume":"5","author":"B Budhram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Kidney Health Dis"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1223","article-title":"Dyspnea in a 43-year-old woman with polycystic kidney disease","volume":"135","author":"H Y Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2018.04.013","article-title":"Coexisting cystic lung disease as a rare extra-renal manifestation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease","volume":"13","author":"N Levy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000265","article-title":"Lung cancers associated with cystic airspaces: natural history, pathologic correlation, and mutational analysis","volume":"32","author":"F J Fintelmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-211729","article-title":"A lung full of cheerios","volume":"73","author":"S S Kho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.4.1267","article-title":"Cheerios in the chest","volume":"104","author":"S L Reed","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19900415)65:8<1805::AID-CNCR2820650823>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Cystic pulmonary metastatic sarcoma","volume":"65","author":"T Traweek","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)05018-X","article-title":"Cystic pulmonary metastases from epithelioid cell sarcoma","volume":"75","author":"D P Chan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200204000-00005","article-title":"Endometrial stromal sarcoma metastatic to the lung: a detailed analysis of 16 patients","volume":"26","author":"M C Aubry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/17-168","article-title":"Metastatic angiosarcoma of the scalp presenting with cystic lung lesions: a case report and review of cystic lung diseases","volume":"22","author":"A A Ajayi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Perm J"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198902000-00006","article-title":"Pulmonary metastases in patients with low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. Clinicopathologic findings with immunohistochemical characterization","volume":"13","author":"J Abrams","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.52.1061","article-title":"Lung adenocarcinoma presenting with diffuse multiloculated cystic lesions","volume":"52","author":"H Kushima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201305-0887LE","article-title":"Pulmonary metastasis from urothelial carcinoma showing progressive multiple cystic lesions","volume":"188","author":"S Imokawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60179-8","article-title":"An unusual case of cystic interstitial lung disease","volume":"381","author":"A Stefani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2292","article-title":"A comprehensive review of spontaneous pneumothorax complicating sarcoma","volume":"138","author":"J B Hoag","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.180.6.1801671","article-title":"Metastatic angiosarcoma of the lung: spectrum of CT findings","volume":"180","author":"U Tateishi","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.02.030","article-title":"Pneumothorax: a classical presentation of metastatic scalp angiosarcoma","volume":"94","author":"K K Somasekharan Nair","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185115571789","article-title":"Pulmonary metastases from angiosarcoma: a spectrum of CT findings","volume":"57","author":"A Yogi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-2923","article-title":"An 83-year-old man with bilateral spontaneous pneumothoraces and multiple cysts","volume":"139","author":"S Aryal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-009-9214-y","article-title":"Radiological features of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients with and without AIDS","volume":"188","author":"E Hardak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.161.3.8352098","article-title":"Lung cysts associated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: radiographic characteristics, natural history, and complications","volume":"161","author":"C Chow","year":"1993","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.06.025","article-title":"Chest CT imaging signature of coronavirus disease 2019 infection: in pursuit of the scientific evidence","volume":"158","author":"H JA Adams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-01379-1","article-title":"Pulmonary cavitation: an under-recognized late complication of severe COVID-19 lung disease","volume":"21","author":"Z Zoumot","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30086-4","article-title":"Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"20","author":"H Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06801-0","article-title":"Chest CT manifestations of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pictorial review","volume":"30","author":"Z Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.20.22975","article-title":"CT features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in 62 patients in Wuhan, China","volume":"214","author":"S Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref150","first-page":"20210007","article-title":"COVID19 pneumonia with cavitation and cystic lung changes: multi-detector computed tomography spectrum of a gamut of etiologies","volume":"3","author":"A Aggarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJR Open"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2019.12.001","article-title":"Cystic tuberculosis: a very unusual aspect of a common disease","volume":"26","author":"J Perim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pulmonology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-010-1680-0","article-title":"Radiological findings of community-acquired methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus pediatric pneumonia in Hawaii","volume":"40","author":"G Erdem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"ref153","volume-title":"Tuberous Sclerosis. StatPearls","author":"E A Zamora","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-014-3027-9","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis complex: the past and the future","volume":"30","author":"L De Waele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205375","article-title":"Epidemiology of primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"B Qin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.5.1489","article-title":"Interstitial lung disease in primary Sj\u00f6gren syndrome","volume":"130","author":"J G Parambil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200403-417OC","article-title":"Pulmonary manifestations of primary Sjogren's syndrome: a clinical, radiologic, and pathologic study","volume":"171","author":"I Ito","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2019.05.002","article-title":"involvement in Sj\u00f6gren syndrome","volume":"40","author":"J G Natalini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2004.01.006","article-title":"High-resolution CT imaging of the lung for patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"52","author":"C Lohrmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.05.015","article-title":"Cystic lung disease among patients with Sj\u00f6gren syndrome: frequency, natural history, and associated risk factors","volume":"150","author":"C D Mart\u00ednez-Balzano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2014.11.008","article-title":"Birt-Hogg-Dub\u00e9 syndrome. State-of-the-art review with emphasis on pulmonary involvement","volume":"109","author":"A A Dal Sasso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.08.041","article-title":"Incidence of AL amyloidosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1990 through 2015","volume":"94","author":"R A Kyle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018016402","article-title":"Epidemiology of AL amyloidosis: a real-world study using US claims data","volume":"2","author":"T P Quock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-1539","article-title":"Amyloid-associated cystic lung disease","volume":"149","author":"A C Zamora","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-25304","article-title":"Pulmonary and tracheobronchial amyloidosis","volume":"23","author":"J L Berk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2020.09.004","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular disease due to plasma cell dyscrasia","volume":"5","author":"I Rajapreyar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105896","article-title":"Pulmonary nodular and cystic light chain deposition disease: a retrospective review of 10 cases","volume":"164","author":"M Baqir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1159\/000494923","article-title":"Analysis of nationwide data to determine the incidence and diagnosed prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in the USA: 2013\u20132015","volume":"5","author":"C Willey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Dis (Basel)"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00250.x","article-title":"Estimating prevalence in single-gene kidney diseases progressing to renal failure","volume":"58","author":"M Levy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751181","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.751181","article-title":"Variability in global prevalence of interstitial lung disease","volume":"8","author":"B Kaul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.189.3.8234692","article-title":"Importance of ground-glass attenuation in chronic diffuse infiltrative lung disease: pathologic-CT correlation","volume":"189","author":"M Remy-Jardin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2462070712","article-title":"Fleischner Society: glossary of terms for thoracic imaging","volume":"246","author":"D M Hansell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0042-1755565.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:39:21Z","timestamp":1669682361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0042-1755565"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"references-count":171,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-1755565","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1069-3424","1098-9048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1069-3424","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-9048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]}}}