{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:18:19Z","timestamp":1787239099440,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It is crucial for a facelift surgeon to have a comprehensive understanding of ageing-related changes on the volume, elasticity, and relative position of various facial tissues and layers. These changes lead to an alteration in the surface topography, contour, and ultimately shape of the face. The depressions and sagging of tissues created as a result of ageing then has a bearing on one's perceived age. This article describes the various layers of the face and neck affected by ageing. The fat compartments, superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), potential facial spaces, facial ligaments, and facial nerve are discussed in detail. Safe and effective execution of facelift requires a thorough understanding of the intricate relationship between the various layers of face and neck, in particular the path of facial nerve, as it negotiates between these layers. The emphasis of this article is on integrating this knowledge to generate practical tips for safe dissection, effective tissue movement, and repositioning during various type of facelift procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1756463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T18:30:16Z","timestamp":1671820216000},"page":"546-574","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Essential Surgical Anatomy for Facelift"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Uppal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-006-0070-3","article-title":"Representations in plastic surgery: the impact of self-image and self-confidence in the work environment","volume":"31","author":"A Foustanos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2008.02.003","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the midcheek: facial layers, spaces, and the midcheek segments","volume":"35","author":"B C Mendelson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy184","article-title":"Commentary on: modified composite-flap facelift combined with Finger-Assisted Malar Elevation (FAME): a cadaver Study","volume":"38","author":"B Mendelson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","first-page":"19","article-title":"Why do we age in our cheeks?","volume":"27","author":"E Raskin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000265403.66886.54","article-title":"The fat compartments of the face: anatomy and clinical implications for cosmetic surgery","volume":"119","author":"R J Rohrich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0b013e31802e2a70","article-title":"Location and nature of retro-orbicularis oculus fat and suborbicularis oculi fat","volume":"18","author":"S H Hwang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198901000-00003","article-title":"The retaining ligaments of the cheek","volume":"83","author":"D W Furnas","year":"1989","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199203000-00007","article-title":"The relationship of the superficial and deep facial fascias: relevance to rhytidectomy and aging","volume":"89","author":"J M Stuzin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1265024","article-title":"Overview of current thoughts on facial volume and aging","volume":"26","author":"D M Kahn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31817123c6","article-title":"The youthful cheek and the deep medial fat compartment","volume":"121","author":"R J Rohrich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaa339","article-title":"The Facial Aging Process From the \u201cInside Out\u201d","volume":"41","author":"A Swift","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000035","article-title":"The clinical importance of the fat compartments in midfacial aging","volume":"1","author":"D Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197912000-00005","article-title":"Avoiding facial nerve injuries in rhytidectomy. 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