{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T22:16:05Z","timestamp":1740176165897,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":80,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Surg J (N Y)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trinidad and Tobago are islands in the Southern Caribbean with a unique mix of races within the population consisting of East Indian (EI) (37.6%), Afro-Caribbean (AC) (36.3%), mixed (24.2%), and Caucasian, Chinese, Lebanese, Syrian, Amerindian, and Spanish groups accounting for 1.9%. It makes it suitable for a comparison of breast carcinoma receptor expression within a fixed environment. This study included 257 women with an age range of 28 to 93 years (mean\u2009=\u200957.2, standard deviation\u2009=\u200915.0), peak age group of 51 to 60 consisting of 105 EI, 119 AC, and 33 mixed descent. Invasive ductal carcinoma accounted for 88%, invasive lobular 9.7%, and ductal carcinoma in situ 2.3%. The triple-negative rates were 24.8, 33.6, and 30.3% for EI, AC, and mixed races, respectively, with the Pearson's chi-square test revealing statistical significance for the AC versus EI (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001); AC versus mixed (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001); and EI versus mixed (p\u2009=\u20090.014) groups. The overall estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth receptor (HER) expression negative rates were 52, 64, and 79%, respectively. Chi-square test of the following combinations: ER\u2009+\/PR\u2009+\/HER\u2009+\u2009; ER\u2009+\/PR\u2009+\/HER\u2009\u2212\u2009; ER\u2009\u2212\/PR\u2009\u2212\/HER\u2009+\u2009; ER\u2009+\/PR\u2009\u2212\/HER\u2009+\u2009; ER\u2009+\/PR\u2009\u2212\/HER\u2009\u2212\u2009; ER\u2009\u2212\/PR\u2009+\/HER\u2009+\u2009; ER\u2009\u2212\/PR\u2009+\/HER\u2212 revealed no statistical differences (p\u2009=\u20090.689).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1756632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T23:09:53Z","timestamp":1663628993000},"page":"e262-e265","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Breast Carcinoma Receptor Expression in a Caribbean Population"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"08","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5687-9523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Ramdass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Port of Spain General Hospital, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6132-4576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dale","family":"Maharaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Port of Spain General Hospital, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6197-9369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donald","family":"Simeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caribbean Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaheeba","family":"Barrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Port of Spain General Hospital, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"F Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-15-0578","article-title":"Global cancer incidence and mortality rates and trends\u2013an update","volume":"25","author":"L A 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